Tabula Cortonensis
The Tabula Cortonensis (tablet of Cortona) is about 2300 years old and "one of the most important written documents of the ancient world". It is the third longest Etruscan inscription found so far with a length of 32 lines. It was discovered in 1992, but only opened to the public in 1999. The stationery-sized bronze plaque was handed over to the police in the central Italian town of Cortona by an unknown collector years ago .
Today the text has been partially deciphered. Accordingly, it is a contract between two powerful family clans from Cortona. According to pontifical law, the document divides cultivated areas between at least 20 heirs (there is no mention of a purchase or lease contract ). Only the senior citizenship for the heads of the families Cusu and Sceva is outlined more concretely . The maintenance of their share of property (including their control) is primarily entrusted to spiritual dignitaries (the zilaθ meχl rasnal ( Pontifex maximus ) and the head of the Temple of the Two Gods on Lake Trasimeno ).
The Cortona tablet made it possible to define the meaning of the word sian (as a synonym for eiti = house). Some job titles such as pava and traula can now be interpreted with greater certainty. In the present part of the document, the dismemberment into eight parts, of which seven have so far been found, and their storage in holy places is prescribed (according to the rite ).
text
- front
- 01: et. pɜtruiś. scɜvɜś. ɜliuntś.
- 02: vinac (Latin.vinaceus.pertaining to wine). restmc. cenu. tɜnθur. śar.
- 03: cusuθuraś. larisalisvla. pesc. cut. tɜnθur.
- 04: sa. śran. ś arc. clθii. tɜrsna. θui. spanθi. ml
- 05: ɜśieθic. raśnas IIIIC inni. pes. pɜtruś. pav
- 06: ac. trust lac. tiur. tɜn [θ] urs. tɜnθa [ś]. za cina tpr
- 07: iniserac. zal [six] \\ cś. ɜsiś vere cusuθurśum.
- 08: pes. pɜtruśta. scɜv [aś] \\ nu θana tur. lart pɜtr
- 09: uni (Juno). arnt. pini. lart. [v] ipi. lusce. laris. salini .v
- 10: vɜtnal. lart. vɜlara. larθal'isa. lart vɜlara.
- 11: aulesa. vɜl. pumpu [pomponius]. pruciu. aule cɜl atina. sɜ
- 12: tmnal. arnza. fɜlśni. vɜlθinal. vɜl. luisna
- 13: lusce. vɜl uslna. nufresa. laru. slanzu. larz
- 14: a lartle vɜlaveś arnt. pɜtru. ra uf \\ ɜpru
- 15: ś. ame. vɜlχe. cusu larisal. cleniarc. laris
- 16: cusu. larisalisa larizac clan. larisal. pɜtr
- 17: uni [Juno]. scɜ [va] ś arntlei. pɜtruś. puia
- 18: cen. zic. ziχuχe. spa-rzɜ-śtiś śazleiś in
- 19: θuχti. cusuθuraś. suθiu. ame. valley suθive
- 20: naś. rat-m. θuχt. ceśu. tlt eltɜi. sianś.
- 21: spa-rzɜ-te. θui. saltzic. fratuce. cusuθuraś.
- 22: larisalisvla. pɜtruśc. scɜvaś. pesś. tarχ ian
- 23: eś \\ cnl. nuθe. times ec. lart. cucrina. lausisa.
- 24: zilaθ meχ l.raśnal. [La] ris. cɜl atina lau
- 25: sa clanc. arnt luscni [a] rnθal. clanc. larz
- 26: a. lart. tower. salin [ial. larθ cɜl atina. a]
- 27: pnal. cleniarc. vɜlχe [ś] [...] [papal]
- 28: śerc. vɜlχe. cusu. aule [sa] [...]
- 29: aninalc. laris. fuln [folnius] [clenia]
- 30: rc. lart. pɜtce. uslnal [...] [cucrina]
- 31: inaθur. tɜcsinal. vɜl [...]
- 32: uś. larisc. cus. uslna [l] [...]
- back
- 33: aule. salini. cusual
- 34: zilci. larθal. cusuś. titinal
- 35: larisalc. salini'ś. aulesla. celti nɜitis
- 36: ś. tar sminaśś. spa rz a in θuχt ceśa.
- 37: rat-m. suθiu. suθiusa. vɜlχeś. cusuśa
- 38: ulesla. vɜlθuruś. t [.] lniś. vɜlθurusla.
- 39: larθalc. cɜl atina ś. vetnal. larisalc.
- 40: cɜl atina ś. pitlnal
literature
- Luciano Agostiniani , Francesco Nicosia: Tabula Cortonensis (= Studia archaeologica. 105). "L'Erma" di Bretschneider, Rome 2000, ISBN 88-8265-090-1 .
- Giulio M. Facchetti, Frammenti di diritto privato etrusco , Firenze, Olschki, 2000.
- Maristella Pandolfini, Adriano Maggiani (eds.): La Tabula Cortonensis e il suo contesto storico-archeologico. Atti dell'incontro di studio, 22 giugno 2001 (= Quaderni di archeologia Etrusco-Italica. 28, ZDB -ID 1164369-9 ). Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome 2002.
- Vincenzo Scarano Ussani, Mario Torelli : La Tabula Cortonensis. Un documento giuridico, storico e sociale. Estratto da Ostraka, rivista di antichità, anno XI, n.2 December 2002. Loffredo, Naples 2003, ISBN 88-8096-955-2 .
