Tactical Combat Casualty Care

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Tactical Combat Casualty Care ( TCCC ) is wounded in combat supply according to principles of the advanced preclinical first aid measures in the battle by soldiers as first responders and Einsatzersthelfer . Their actions are legally covered by the emergency competence in use on the battlefield. TCCC is based on the US PHTLS ( Pre Hospital Trauma Life Support ) concept. Since TCCC related exclusively to the supply on the battlefield, TECC - Tactical Emergency Casualty Care - was developed as a guideline for civilian emergency rescue service providers as a civilian counterpart.

history

TCCC was developed in the United States in the 1990s. The starting point was the experience of the operation in Mogadishu / Somalia in 1993 with the Battle of Mogadishu in Operation Irene and Gothic Serpent . The task of the TCCC was to develop procedures and schemes for the treatment of wounded special forces on the battlefield, as it is often difficult for them to be connected to the rescue chain of the medical service in their missions . In 1996, Captain Frank K. Butler (USN SEAL), Lieutenant Colonel J. Hagmann and EG Butler published the article "Tactical Combat Casualty Care in Special Operations". In 1999, the TCCC principles were included in the 4th edition of the US Emergency Medicine Handbook PHTLS. In 2001 the Committee on TCCC was founded with the support of USSOCOM. In 2004 the Bureau of Medicine and Surgery took over the promotion of the TCCC principles. In 2006, the 6th edition of the PHTLS manual was the first to have its own military edition. In Germany, TCCC training has been taking place at the Special Operations Training Center for several years . Since November 2007, it has had a legal basis through an instruction for the expanded emergency medical qualification of special workers.

background

The care of the wounded is basically the job of the medical staff. However, since they do not take part directly in combat operations for reasons of international law (identification, armament, lack of combatant status ) and for other reasons (insufficient training), the chain of rescue cannot be closed far enough ahead. In order to counter these risks, combatants are further qualified to become “Combat First Responders” (CFR, formerly also “Combat Medics”, German “First aiders”).

It focuses on the key to the survival of the wounded first 5 minutes (Engl. Platinum 5 minutes) and the following, so-called Golden Hour (Golden Hour), in which the wounded a first treatment device such as an aid station , now rescue station or mostly directly to a field hospital supplied becomes. At the level of a large association, the medical service can also set up a main first aid station , now a rescue center. In these periods of time, simple but targeted first aid measures, even by non-medical personnel, significantly increase the survival probability of the wounded.

Phases of the TCCC

Care under Fire (first aid under fire)

During the “Care under Fire”, the first medical measures are carried out in the fire fight, which is continued according to the principle “the best means in combat is fire superiority”. This takes place as far as possible with the participation of the wounded.

Tactical Field Care (first aid on the battlefield)

"Tactical Field Care" includes the "Initial Trauma Assessment" by the CFR in the first coverage as well as - after detaching from the enemy - "Reassessment" and the "Rapid Trauma Assessment" (further examination also by undressing and searching after further wounds, especially exit wounds in the case of gunshot wounds ) with appropriate treatment.

Tactical Evacuation Care (first aid when evacuating from the battlefield)

The "Tactical Evacuation Care" carried out during the evacuation can either be carried out by the CFR or already by organic paramedics, and includes measures of the CasEvac or the MedEvac .

outlook

The Bundeswehr is currently introducing the principles of the TCCC across the board as part of the “ First Aid A / B” courses . For all soldiers, at least the qualification as first aid worker A is mandatory. For special forces of the Bundeswehr, the training to become a Combat First Responder is more extensive .

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ The first five minutes are decisive - further development and redesign of medical training for non-medical personnel . Website of the Central Medical Service of the Bundeswehr. Retrieved June 11, 2013.

literature

  • Jan-Phillipp Weisswange: Emergency practice. In: Strategy & Technology 7/2008
  • Florent Josse: Medical training for specialist and specialized workers. In: Wehrmedizin und Wehrpharmazie 2/2008 [1]
  • CoTCCC: TCCC Guidelines, updated AUG 2011
  • Christian Neitzel: Tactical medicine - emergency medicine and operational medicine. Springer, Berlin 2012, ISBN 978-3-642-20696-2 .
  • Carsten Dombrowski et al .: Tactical wound care for the military and special police units. Cartsen, 2013, ISBN 978-3-00-039463-8 .

Web links