Takeda-ryu

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

As Takeda-ryu ( Jap. 武田流 , dt. "Takeda style / School") is a 800 year old Japanese martial art called that by the beginning of the 20th century within the family Takeda handed and has been reported. Takeda-ryū belongs to the group of Japanese martial arts, which are based on the principle of Aiki , and comprises several disciplines. With the death of Ōba Ichio in 1959, the main line of the school died out.

History and dissemination

Origin legend

Yamatotakeru no mikoto (82-113) is considered the ancestor (Taiso) of the Takeda-ryū. It was not called that in his lifetime. In 97, during the reign of Emperor Keiko , a Kumaso rebellion took place. Yamatotakeru no mikoto, heir to the throne of the emperor, was ordered to conduct a punitive expedition. On the way, he underwent a purification ceremony at the Kamiyo waterfall. In doing so he put his feet in the rocky bottom of the waterfall, opened his arms, filled himself with the power of the spirit and gathered all the power of the body in the tips of his fingers. Facing the sky, he struck up several times, whereupon he dropped his hands and performed a few powerful arm thrusts. After the prince had completed this act, he made up his mind to attack the Kumaso. Disguised as a woman, he crept into the enemy camp and tracked down their sleeping leader there. When the latter tried to attack him, the prince opened his arms, filled himself with spiritual strength and threw the Kumaso leader down after he had previously snatched the sword from him. This technique of spreading arms and prostrating was the beginning of Aiki. The prince then studied hard and passed on his skills to Takeda no kimi no mikoto to protect the palace . Both are therefore the patron saints of this school.

development

The knowledge of General Minamoto Shinrasaburō Yoshimitsu succeeded over several stages and since then the Takeda school has been associated with the name of the Minamoto . The first summary of all techniques, the recording and the systematic teaching of the Takeda Samurai began under Takeda Yoshikiyo (1075–1149) the son of Yoshimitsu. Since then, Takeda Yoshikiyo has been the first Soke of the Takeda-ryū. Until Takeda Nobutora (with the school name Tokushusai) Takeda-ryū remained family property. Around 1570 he passed his knowledge on to his ninth son Takeda Kōzukunosuke Nobutomo (with the school name Ōsai). Nobutora was kicked out of the family about 10 years later by Takeda Shingen , a famous general of Japan. Nobutora submitted to the Shogun Imagawa Yoshimoto in Suruga. Takeda Kōzukenosuke Nobutomo in turn passed his knowledge on to his first son Takeda Katsuchiyo, who went to Kyushu to the Kuroda family because he was afraid of being murdered by Takeda Shingen and taught there in secret Takeda-ryū. This ensured the school's survival. A secondary branch of the Takeda-ryū is the Daitō-ryū Aiki-jūjutsu , which was publicly taught by Sokaku Takeda at the beginning of the 20th century .

The students of the 42nd Soke Nakamura Okichi also included the ultra-nationalists Nakano Seigō (founder of the fascist Tōhōkai ) and Uchida Ryōhei (founder of the Amur League ). By promoting the influential Tōyama Mitsuru , co-founder of the also ultra-nationalist Gen'yōsha , Ōba Ichio was his successor, the youngest 5th dan holder in Japan. This popularized the school and changed its name from Aiki no Jutsu ( 合 氣 之 術 ) to Takeda-ryū Aiki ( 武田 流 合 氣 ).

Takeda-ryu Nakamura-ha

Ōba died in 1959 without appointing a successor and the dojo was closed, so the line ended with his death. Shihan Moritomo was considered the legitimate successor. He was the longest trained Shihan by Soke Oba. Moritomo, however, refused to succeed the school because he had to return to his hometown due to family difficulties. Before that, however, Moritomo, Kinbei Satō ( 佐藤 金 兵衛 , † 1999) and Hisashi Nakamura ( 中 村 久 ) agreed that Nakamura should take over the management of the school. The school's densho was to be given to him in a ceremony, which would make Hisashi Nakamura the school's legitimate successor. However, when the Sato family asked for money for this transfer, Nakamura refused and after a few years founded his own branch, which he called Takeda-ryū Nakamura-ha . This is represented by the Japanese organization Nihon Sōbudō Rengōkai Takeda-ryū Nakamura-ha ( 日本 総 武 道 連 合 会 武田 流 中 村 派 ). According to Japanese tradition, only the owner of the densho is the legitimate successor of the school. Although Nakamura Hisashi was chosen as his successor by the highest masters of the Takeda Ryu, so he did not learn anything else, he could not officially register the school under the original name in the school register and therefore decided to add Nakamura-ha to the name. Therefore only the name of the school has been changed but not its content. In Japanese expert circles Soke Nakamura is therefore considered the legitimate successor of the Takeda-ryū.

Heads of the school

The traditional line of the old Takeda Ryu includes the founder and 43 leaders.

  1. Takeda Kaja Yoshikiyo ( 武田 冠 者 義 清 )
  2. Takeda Kurogenta Kiyomitsu ( 武田 黒 源 太 清 光 )
  3. Takeda Tarō Nobuyoshi ( 武田 太郎 信義 )
  4. Takeda Gorō Nobumitsu ( 武田 五郎 信 光 )
  5. Takeda Kotarō Nobumasa ( 武田 小 太郎 信 政 )
  6. Takeda Nobutoki ( 武田 信 時 )
  7. Takeda Nobunaga ( 武田 信 長 )
  8. Takeda Masatsuna
  9. Takeda Nobuie
  10. Takeda Tokitsuna ( 武田 時 綱 )
  11. Takeda Yaroku Nobumune ( 武田 弥 六 信 宗 )
  12. Takeda Nobutake ( 武田 信 武 )
  13. Takeda Gyōbudayū Nobunari ( 武田 刑部 大 輔 信 成 )
  14. Takeda Ujinobu
  15. Takeda Shurinosuke Nobuharu ( 武田 修理 亮 信 春 )
  16. Takeda Motonobu
  17. Takeda Tarō Nobumitsu ( 武田 太郎 信 満 )
  18. Takeda Tarō Nobushige ( 武田 太郎 信 重 )
  19. Takeda Yasaburō Nobumori ( 武田 弥 三郎 信守 )
  20. Takeda Nobusuke
  21. Takeda Mototsune
  22. Takeda Nobumasa ( 武田 信 昌 )
  23. Takeda Gorō Nobutsuna ( 武田 五郎 信 綱 )
  24. Takeda Nobutora (Budo name: Tokushūsai) ( 武田 信 虎 (徳 秀 歳) )
  25. Takeda Kōzukenosuke Nobutomo (Ōsai) ( 武田 上 野 介 信 友 (翁 歳) )
  26. Takeda Katsuchiyo ( 武田 勝 千代 )
  27. Takeda Takejiō Nobukatsu ( 武田 武 司 翁 信 勝 )
  28. Takeda Nobutaka ( 武田 信 隆 )
  29. Takeda Takayoshi ( 武田 隆 義 )
  30. Takeda Jirō Kiyokata ( 武田 二郎 清 方 )
  31. Takeda Gorō Nobuhide ( 武田 五郎 信 秋 )
  32. Takeda Mitsuharu ( 武田 光 春 )
  33. Takeda Nobutada Hisamiki / Kyūkan ( 武田 信 忠 久 幹 )
  34. Takeda Teruyo Kogetsuni ( 武田 照 代 光 月 尼 ), (= only woman, the ending ni stands for a Buddhist nun)
  35. Takeda Mitsunobu ( 武田 久 世 光 伸 )
  36. Takeda Takasumi ( 武田 隆 澄 )
  37. Ōhara Masakatsu ( 大 原 正 勝 )
  38. Ōhara Mitsumasa ( 大 原 光 政 )
  39. Takeda Masaaki ( 武田 正 明 )
  40. Takeda Morinosuke (Budo name: Ōatsu) ( 武田 守 之 助 (翁 渥) )
  41. Takeda Tadakatsu (Budo name: Ōdō) ( 武田 忠 勝 (翁 堂) )
  42. Nakamura Ōkichi (Budo name: Aikisai) ( 中 村 翁 吉 (合 気 斎) )
  43. Ōba Ichio ( 大 庭 一 翁 )

Takeda-ryu Nakamura-ha

  1. Nakamura Hisashi ( 中 村 久 )

Takeda-ryū in Europe

In 1983 Monika Werhahn-Mees ( Konrad Adenauer's granddaughter ) began to learn Takeda-ryū in Japan / Tokyo under Master Toyoshima. She was the first European woman in the history of the school to be named representative of the school outside of Japan in 1987. In 1987 she opened her first dojo in Belgium (Arlon). In 1988 she moved to her newly built dojo in Bridel. This year Nakamura boarded a plane for the first time in his life and visited Monika Werhahn-Mees to open her new dojo.

In 1990 EST (European Sobukai Takeda-ryū) was founded in Avignon . Roland Maroteaux became president of the EST and Siegfried Kobilza became vice-president. Werhahn-Mees had to withdraw from active sport due to cancer. In 1993 the ISTB (International Society for Takeda Budo) was founded by Siegfried Kobilza. When Roland Maroteaux was expelled from the Takeda-ryū by Nakamura in 1997, he founded Takeda-ryū Maroto Ha ("The Takeda School of Maroto")

In 2005 Siegfried Kobilza founded the Takeda-ryū Kobilza Ha ("The Takeda School of Kobilza") and resigned from the organization of Nakamura. Roland Maroteaux and Siegfried Kobilza have had no direct contact with Nakamura since the late 1990s. With the separation of their organizations and the founding of their own schools, both took the formal step of replacing Nakamura in favor of a further development of the Takeda-ryū.

2006 Walter Schwenk was appointed by Soke Nakamura to represent the Takeda-ryū Nakamura Ha for the German-speaking area. In 2009, Belgium became the headquarters of the European representation of Takeda-ryū Nakamura Ha. In April 2016 Christian Hausegger was awarded the title of Joden Shihan by Soke Nakamura , and since then he has also been the official representative of the Takeda-ryū Nakamura Ha in Austria.

Structure of the Takeda ryū

Disciplines

The school is divided into seven disciplines, which are taught at different training levels. Takeda-ryū is one of the oldest surviving martial arts in Japan. Martial arts are translated in Japan with the word budo and war techniques with bujutsu . The disciplines are:

Graduation system

Originally there was only the Menkyo system within the traditional Ryu . (Japanese Menkyo = license) For centuries the knowledge of the Takeda-ryū was only passed on to the disciples of the inner circle (“ uchi-deshi ”). The only authority that was responsible for the awarding of diplomas was the sōke (= head of the school) who was in office at the time .

Kyu and Dan

Kanō Jigorō , the founder of Judo , introduced the graduation system of the game of Go with Kyū and Dangraden for martial arts. Nakamura understood that the Uchi-Deshi system was obsolete. In cooperation with Sofue, today Kaiden Shihan (= owner of Menkyo Kaiden), both developed a system that met the social demands of the time without losing its tradition and history. This system is therefore not just a collection of degrees and licenses, but primarily to be understood as the traditional way of teaching in such a way that the person who wants to become a teacher or master can understand the philosophical, has to master psychological and physiological demands. Also in the Takeda-ryū a distinction is first made between Kyu and Dan. In each discipline the student starts with the 8th kyu. Then it goes from the 7th Kyu to the 1st Kyu. Then the 1st Dan follows up to the 8th Dan in each discipline.

This type of graduation primarily serves as orientation for the student himself. So up to the 4th Dan in each discipline the Dan examination must take place in two different forms. On the one hand, a competition has to be contested, followed by a so-called kata test. Out of three competitions, at least 2 must be won and one must be a draw. Only then is the student admitted to the Kata exam. From this it follows that whoever loses once begins again.

Licenses

Licenses are superordinate to the ryu

  • 1 Kyu 5-4-3-2-1 Dan (Aikijutsu, Jojutsu Batojutsu, Jukempo) Senpai "→ Master student
  • 4-3-2 (Aikijutsu, Iaijutsu, Jojutsu, Jukempo) = Shoden Menkyo → first degree of assistance. Supports the master in teaching in his dojo. Can be reached after approx. 8-10 years of training
  • 5-4-3 (Aikijutsu, Iaijutsu, Jojutsu, Jukempo) = Chuden Menkyo → second degree of assistance. Support the master in the dojo. Can be reached after approx. 10-15 years of training.
  • Menkyo Joden : The first master degree is therefore the Menkyo Joden. The requirements are (6-5-4-3) (Aikijutsu, Iaijutsu, Jojutsu, Jukempo). Only from this level is it allowed in Japan to open and manage a dojo, as well as to train and manage assistants. Accessible after 20-25 years of training to lead and open the Dojo, the NINKANSHO (teaching and usage permit) is required, which is issued by the Soke
  • Menkyo Okuden : The second master degree is the Menkyo Okuden. “Oku” means deeply penetrated. The requirements are (7-6-5-4-3) (Aikijutsu, Iaijutsu, Jojutsu, Jukempo, Kenjutsu). Can be reached after 30–35 years of training. This degree is only possible after leading your own dojo. This graduation is only awarded by Soke himself. After more than 60 years of the Nakamura era, there are currently 8 Okuden Shihan in Japan.
  • Menkyo Kaiden : The last master degree is the Menkyo Kaiden. “Kai” means everything is transmitted. The requirements are no longer linked to Dan grades. Achievable after at least 35 years of training. According to tradition, this menkyo is only given once per ryu. The owner of the Menkyo Kaiden is considered the legitimate successor to the head.

swell

  • Classical Fighting Arts of Japan (Serge de Mol) ISBN 4-7700-2619-6 C2075
  • Aikido (Hisashi Nakamura) ISBN 4-415-01236-1 C207
  • Bugei Ryuha Daijiten, pp. 534-535, Edition year 54 of Shouwa (1979), Editor: Wataya, Yuki and Yamada Tadashi

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ English jujutsu.com. 8. Takeda-ryu Aiki-no-Justsu (from Ooba Ichio). Retrieved May 14, 2011 .
  2. ↑ a b c 武田 流 に つ い て . Nihon Sōbudō Rengōkai Takeda-ryū Nakamura-ha, Retrieved May 14, 2011 (Japanese).
  3. ↑ The Birth of Takeda Ryu Nakamura Ha. (No longer available online.) International Society for Takeda Budo, archived from the original on March 24, 2011 ; accessed on May 14, 2011 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.istb.info
  4. ↑ All heads of the school. (No longer available online.) Budo Institute, archived from the original on March 20, 2011 ; Retrieved May 14, 2011 (readings corrected). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.budo-institut.com
  5. ↑ AUSTRIA :: TAKEDA BUDO. In: www.takedabudo.com. Retrieved April 11, 2016 .