Hans Talhoffer

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Portrait drawing of Talhoffers from 1467.

Hans Talhoffer , occasionally Hans Dalhover , Hans Thalhofer or Hans Talhöfer (* around 1420, † around 1490), was a German wage fighter , umbrella master ( fencing master ) and author of fencing manuscripts.

Life

According to his own statement (Thott 290 2 °), Talhoffer was often himself in the bar as a wage fighter. However, he became known as one of the first authors of fencing manuscripts ( fencing books ). Five of his illustrated manuscripts on late medieval martial arts, in particular on court warfare , have survived. To a certain extent he was in the tradition of Johannes Liechtenauer , but developed his own style. Some of the main pieces , main layers (fighting stance, hat) and main hulks of Liechtenauer are missing in the picture catalogs of his manuscripts; other pieces have been reinterpreted (e.g. Krumphau with a short edge). The main focus in his codices was less on the long sword than on the types of weapons for the judicial ordal (judgment of God) and wrestling . Talhoffer's codices were made in workshops.

For some time Talhoffer was in the service of the Swabian Junker Lutold III. (Liutold, Leuthold) from Königsegg . The latter apparently sought him out as a patron for an ordal and for the creation of the Königsegger Codex ( Hs. XIX 17-3 ); this was also done a few years earlier by the von Stain zu Rechtenstein brothers , David and Buppelin, who wrote the manuscript 78 A 15 in Gave orders. Count Eberhard V of Württemberg - who later became Duke Eberhard I of Württemberg - left him the Codex Icon. 394a. In 1454 Talhoffer stayed in Zurich . There he gave fencing lessons on the town hall square and appeared in several exhibition fights .

His recommendation in MS XIX 17-3: "... and use all your strength to the right degree ..." and his motto "Think right about", the inscription on his coat of arms in Thott 290 2 °, seem to be a testimony to one to be more of a level-headed personality.

Talhoffer was obviously not poor, he could still afford to call the manuscripts A 558 and Thott 290 2 ° his own, both contain his ownership entry.

Königsegger fencing manuscript Hs. XIX 17-3 by Hans Talhoffer

In the Königsegger book of combat , Hans Talhoffer proves that fencing is more than sporting entertainment or the art of defeating an opponent .

Works

  • Originals
    • Chart. A 558 / Gotha, University and Research Library Erfurt - Between 1443 and 1448 (this is the first editorial level) Edition from 1889 at Google Books
    • Hans Talhoffer Fechtbuch , 1459, (colored complete edition online at archive.org)
    • 78 A 15 / Berlin, Kupferstichkabinett of the Prussian Cultural Heritage Foundation - around 1449-1451 - For: Gebrüder vom Stain zu Rechtenstein
    • Hs. XIX 17-3 / Königseggwald, Grafliche Bibliothek-Between 1455 and 1459 - For Lutold III. from Königsegg (or his family)
    • Thott 290 2 ° København, Kongelige Bibliotek -1459, online
    • Cod. Icon. 394a (olim Gotha, Memb. I 114) / Munich, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek - 1467 - for Count Eberhard V. von Württemberg
  • Early copies
    • KK 5342 (previously P 5342 B, olim Ambras 55) / Vienna, Kunsthistorisches Museum, court hunt and armory - approx. 1480–1500 - copy of Hs. XIX 17-3 (3 missing drawings); the manuscript was originally bound together with a Latin Bellifortis (KK 5342 A).
    • Cod. I.6.2 ° .1 / Augsburg, University Library - Approx. 1555–1560, before 1561 - copy of Hs. XIX 17-3
    • Cod. Ser. n.2978 / former Vienna, Austrian National Library, (now private property) - 16th century, but possibly even younger - copy of Codex Icon. 394a
  • Late copies
    • Cod. Guelf. 125.16 / Wolfenbüttel, Herzog August Library - 17th century - Incomplete copy from chart. A 558. (almost exclusively the genre pictures on the verso pages in precise imitation), copies from Cod. Icon. 394a and KK 5342.
    • Inv. No. Hz.014 / Coburg, Kunstsammlungen der Veste Coburg, Kupferstichkabinett - 2nd half of the 17th century - 21 colored pen drawings from a chart. A 558 and Cod. Ser. n. 2978. Pen-and-ink drawings washed in sepia from Cod. Icon. 394a.
    • Philos. 61 / Göttingen, Lower Saxony State and University Library - end of the 17th century - copies from chart. A 558 and Cod. Icon. 394a, made on behalf of the Hanover statesman Joachim Heinrich Bülow (1650–1724).
    • Cod. Icon. 394 / Munich, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek - Around 1820 - Copy from Cod. Icon. 394a, made by the librarian Julius Hamberger (term of office 1775–1808) on behalf of the former Gotha librarian and later director of the Munich court library Adolf Heinrich Friedrich Schlichtegroll.
    • Cod. Icon. 395 / Munich, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek - Around 1820 - Copy of chart. A 558, made by the librarian Julius Hamberger (term of office 1775–1808) on behalf of the former Gotha librarian and later director of the Munich court library Adolf Heinrich Friedrich Schlichtegroll
    • Hs. XIX 17-3 / Königsegger Codex : Johannes Graf zu Königsegge-Aulendorf and André Schulze (Ed.): The Königsegger Codex. The fencing manuscript of the House of Königsegg facsimile and commentary volume; Philipp von Zabern Verlag, Mainz 2010, ISBN 978-3-8053-3753-3 .

Secondary literature

  • Dierk Hagedorn: German Fechtbücher from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance . In: Daniel Jaquet et al. (Ed.): Late Medieval and Early Modern Fight Books. Transmission and Tradition of Martial Arts in Europe (14th-17th Centuries), Leiden 2016, pp. 245-279.
  • Gustav Hergsell (editor) Talhoffers Fechthandbuch from 1467 , JG Calve'sche Hof- und Universitätsbuchhandlung, Prague 1887 (Gothaer manuscript), archive
  • Hans-Peter Hils: The manuscripts of the Upper German fencing master Hans Talhoffer. A contribution to specialized prose research of the Middle Ages. In: Codices manuscripti: Zeitschrift für Handschriftkunde Vol. 9 (1983) pp. 97-121.
  • Hans-Peter Hils: Master Liechtenauer's art of the long sword . - Lang, Frankfurt / M. 1985, ISBN 3-8204-8129-X .
  • Hans-Peter Hils: “Details are not known here.” New findings on lost and rediscovered manuscripts. In: Würzburg medical history reports. Volume 3, 1985, pp. 321-333, here: pp. 322-325.
  • Uwe Israel: Hans Talhofer's fencing books and the practice of judicial duels . In: Elisabeth Vavra, Matthias Johannes Bauer (ed.): The art of fencing . Winter, Heidelberg 2017, ISBN 978-3-8253-6699-5 , pp. 93-132 .
  • Gundolf Keil: Talhofer, Hans , In : Autorlexikon, 2.A., Vol. 9 (2010), Sp. 592-595.
  • Talhoffers fencing book. Depicting judicial and other duels . VS-Books, Herne 1999, ISBN 3-932077-03-2 .
  • Patrick Leiske: Courtly play and deadly seriousness. The bare fencing with the long sword in the German fencing books of the late Middle Ages and early modern times . Thorbecke, Ostfildern 2018, ISBN 978-3-7995-1257-2 , pp. 137–153 and passim .
  • Rainer Leng : Ars belli: German tactical and war-technical illuminated manuscripts and treatises in the 15th and 16th centuries , Reichert Wiesbaden 2000, ISBN 3-89500-261-5 (habilitation thesis)
  • Rainer Leng: Catalog of the German-language illustrated manuscripts of the Middle Ages Volume 4/2, Lfg. 1/2: 38: 38. Fencing and ring binders . Bavarian Academy of Sciences 2009, ISBN 978-3-7696-0937-0 .
  • André Schulze (Hrsg.): Medieval ways of fighting. Volume 1: The Long Sword . - Philipp von Zabern, Mainz 2006, ISBN 3-8053-3652-7 .
  • André Schulze (Hrsg.): Medieval ways of fighting. Volume 2: War Hammer, Shield and Piston . - Philipp von Zabern, Mainz 2007, ISBN 978-3-8053-3736-6 .
  • André Schulze (Hrsg.): Medieval ways of fighting. Volume 3: Disc dagger and stabbing shield . - Philipp von Zabern, Mainz am Rhein 2007, ISBN 978-3-8053-3750-2 .
  • André Schulze (Ed.): The Königsegger Codex . - Philipp von Zabern, Mainz am Rhein 2010, ISBN 978-3-8053-3753-3 .
  • Rainer Welle: "... and I know that everyone wrestles about it with great compassion" . - Pfaffenweiler, Centaurus-Verl.-Ges., 1993, ISBN 3-89085-755-8 .

See also

Web links

Wikisource: Hans Talhoffer  - Sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Hans Thalhofer: Old fittings and ring art - Thott 290 2 ° København, Kongelige Bibliotek -1459. (Danish)
  2. ↑ Hans Talhoffer, Fechtbuch, 1459 colored complete edition online at archive.org
personal data
SURNAME Talhoffer, Hans
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Dalhover, Hans; Thalhofer, Hans; Talhöfer, Hans
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German wage fighter, umbrella master (fencing master) and author of fencing manuscripts
DATE OF BIRTH around 1420
DATE OF DEATH around 1490