Tarḫulara

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Tarḫulara was a king of Gurgum known only from Assyrian sources. He ruled from 743 to about 711 BC. Chr.

Dynastic arrangement

Between the mention of Tarḫulara and his last known predecessor on the throne of Gurgum, Halparuntiya III. ( Assyrian Qalparunda, 805–800 BC) are 53 years. With Halparuntiya III. breaks off the hieroglyphic Luwian tradition for Gurgum. It is not known who ruled in the meantime. A certain dynastic continuity could be concluded from the fact that Tarḫulara's son Muwatalli III. (Assyrian Mutallu) bore the name of two earlier rulers of Gurgum, Muwatallis I (early 10th century BC) and Muwatallis II (Assyrian Mutallu, around 858 BC).

Membership in an anti-Assyrian alliance

Under Tarḫulara's government, Gurgum was a member of an anti-Assyrian alliance led by Sarduri II of Urartu and Mati-Ilu of Arpad , which also included the states of Melid (under King Sulumal ) and Kummuh (under King Kuštašpi ). In the course of the suppression of that alliance in 743 BC Chr. Attacked Assyrian king Tiglath-pileser III. also Gurgum and destroyed 100 Gurgumean cities. Tarḫulara submitted. At his request, the capital was spared by the Assyrians . Apparently an agreement had been made on an advance by the Gurumean king. Tarḫulara was allowed to keep his throne, paying tribute to the Assyrians for it. However, he was forced to cede some Gurgumean cities to King Panamuwa II of Sam'al in the south of Gurgum.

Under Assyrian rule

In the years 738 and 732 BC Tarḫulara was mentioned again as paying tribute to the Assyrians.

Around 711 BC Was Tarḫulara, since his submission in 743 BC. Loyal subject of the Assyrian Empire, from his son Muwatalli III. murdered, who then ascended the throne himself. Secret negotiations between the usurper and Urartu or Phrygia may have been behind the assassination . The then Assyrian King Sargon II put Muwatalli III. thereupon and deported him to Assyria . Gurgum was converted into an Assyrian province called Marqas, named after the capital of the state, today's Kahramanmaraş .

literature

  • Trevor Bryce: The World of the Neo-Hittite Kingdoms: A Political and Military History . Oxford University Press: Oxford, New York 2012. ISBN 978-0-19-921872-1

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Trevor Bryce: The World of the Neo-Hittite Kingdoms: A Political and Military History . Oxford, New York 2012, p. 305.
  2. ^ Trevor Bryce: The World of the Neo-Hittite Kingdoms: A Political and Military History . Oxford, New York 2012, p. 127.
  3. ^ Trevor Bryce: The World of the Neo-Hittite Kingdoms: A Political and Military History . Oxford, New York 2012, pp. 125 f.
  4. ^ Trevor Bryce: The World of the Neo-Hittite Kingdoms: A Political and Military History . Oxford, New York 2012, p. 261.
  5. ^ A b c Trevor Bryce: The World of the Neo-Hittite Kingdoms: A Political and Military History . Oxford, New York 2012, p. 128.
  6. ^ Trevor Bryce: The World of the Neo-Hittite Kingdoms: A Political and Military History . Oxford, New York 2012, p. 263 f.
  7. ^ Trevor Bryce: The World of the Neo-Hittite Kingdoms: A Political and Military History . Oxford, New York 2012, p. 286.
predecessor Office successor
Halparuntiya III. King of Gurgum
743–711 BC Chr. 		Muwatalli III.
personal data
SURNAME Tarḫulara
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Tarhulara, Tarkhulara
BRIEF DESCRIPTION King of Gurgum
DATE OF BIRTH 8th century BC Chr.
DATE OF DEATH 711 BC Chr.