Tarkasnawa

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Tarkasnawa on the relief of Karabel
Tarkasnawa's silver seal, also known as the "Tarkondemos seal"

Tarkasnawa ( Luw . "Donkey") - also known under the false reading Tarkondemos - was a king of the Hittite vassal state of Mira in western Turkey. He presumably ruled in the time of the great king Tudḫaliya IV in the 13th century BC. Chr.

Tarkasnawa is depicted on Karabel's rock relief . His name was read in 1998 by John David Hawkins , who deciphered the inscription there. Accordingly, he is the son of Alantalli, also King of Mira, and grandson of another king, whose name has not been preserved. Probably is Kupanta- d KAL ( Kupantakurunta ). According to the current research opinion, it is most likely that Tarkasnawa was the addressee of the so-called Milawata letter ( CTH 182; KUB 19.55 + KUB 48.90), which was very likely written by Tudḫaliya IV and addressed to a Western Anatolian ruler. The letter shows that at that time the ruler of Wiluša was not only kulawaniš - vassal of the Hittite great king, but also of the recipient, although the meaning of " kulawaniš" , which does not appear in any other Hittite text, is uncertain '. If the letter was addressed to Tarkanaswa, it would result from the fact that he had achieved a prominent position among the vassals of Western Anatolia, that he had become the main contact of the great king and that the other rulers of the Arzawa successor states, e.g. B. the king of Šeḫa , were subordinate. In addition, it would emerge from the text that the borders of Milawata / Millawanda were redrawn by mutual agreement after its conquest, that the area was possibly divided between Tudḫaliya IV and Tarkasnawa by Mira or, as Bryce suspects, Tarkanaswa possibly also gained dominance over Milawata . Tarkanaswa would also have been installed as ruler of Mira by the Hittite great king after his predecessor and father - probably Alantalli , see above - rebelled against the Hittite empire, attacking the cities of Atrija and Utima and taking hostages until he was finally deposed by Tudḫaliya .

The name Tarkasnawas also appears on a silver seal called the Tarkondemos seal and imprints of other seals found in Ḫattuša , the capital of the Hittite empire. There his name was initially misread as Tarkondemos.

literature

  • J. David Hawkins: Tarkasnawa King of Mira. 'Tarkondemos', Boğazköy sealings and Karabel. In: Anatolian Studies. 48, 1998, pp. 1-31, JSTOR 3643046 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ J. David Hawkins: Tarkasnawa King of Mira. 'Tarkondemos', Boğazköy sealings and Karabel. In: Anatolian Studies . 48, 1998, pp. 1-31.
  2. ^ Gary M. Beckman, Trevor R. Bryce , Eric H. Cline : The Ahhiyawa Texts (= Writings from the Ancient World 28) . SBL , Atlanta 2011, p. 131: " ... among various candidates (...), the most likely is Tarkasnawa, ... "
  3. ↑ Tayfun Bilgin: Officials and Administration in the Hittite World. De Gruyter, Berlin – Boston 2018, p. 164: "There is little doubt that the sender of the letter is Tudhaliya"
  4. ↑ Those who consider Tarkasnawa to be the recipient, Kulawanis vassal is partly translated as “military vassal”, for example Gary M. Beckman, Trevor R. Bryce, Eric H. Cline: The Ahhiyawa Texts (= Writings from the Ancient World 28 ). Society of Biblical Literature, Atlanta 2011, p. 129; 132. But Schürr, who is opposed to rejecting a King of Mira as a recipient, also favors this translation: Dieter Schürr: To the prehistory of Lycia. City names in Hittite sources. In: KLIO 92, 2010, p. 12. John David Hawkins, for example, refers to: Tarkasnawa, King of Mira: 'Tarkondemos', Boğazköy sealings and Karabel. Anatolian Studies 48, 1998, p. 19, note 88. to the haplological derivation from " * kulanawan (n) i ", Luwisch : ku (wa) lana = "army", which in relation to the passage in the Milawata letter was represented by Puhvel. ( Jaan Puhvel : Hittite Etymological Dictornary, Volume 4. Words beginning with K. De Gruyter, Berlin - New York 1997, p. 239, sv "kulawan (n) i-" (accessed via De Gruyter Online)). Gerd Steiner, on the other hand, translates kulawanis as "neutral (vassal)": Gerd Steiner: The Case of Wiluša and Ahhiyawa. Bibliotheca Orientalis 64 No. 5–6, 2007, pp. 590–611 Col. 603, with justification in Notes 92 and 93. Ferdinand Sommer : The Aḫḫijava documents. Treatises of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences, Phil.-hist. Dept. NF6, Munich 1932, pp. 203, 225, translated "kulawanis-Vasall" with "Unterervasall", but with two question marks between "Unter" and "Vasall".
  5. ^ Gary M. Beckman, Trevor R. Bryce, Eric H. Cline: The Ahhiyawa Texts (= Writings from the Ancient World 28) . SBL , Atlanta 2011, pp. 131f.
  6. ^ Trevor R. Bryce: The Kingdom of the Hittites. Oxford University Press (1998), revised new edition 2005, p. 308.Bryce had previously argued for a long time, even in the first edition of this work in 1999, that the recipient of the letter was in Milawata (see Trevor R. Bryce: A Reinterpretation of the Milawata Letter in the Light of the New Join Piece. Anatolian Studies 35, 1985, pp. 13-23).
  7. ^ Joachim Latacz : Troy and Homer. Towards a solution of an old mystery. Oxford University Press, New York NY 2004, ISBN 0-19-926308-6 , p. 88, ( on GoogleBooks ).
personal data
SURNAME Tarkasnawa
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Tarkondemos
BRIEF DESCRIPTION King of the Hittite vassal state of Mira
DATE OF BIRTH 13th century BC Chr.
DATE OF DEATH 13th century BC Chr.