Atria

Atrija , especially Atriya in the English-language specialist literature , is the Hittite name of a settlement in southern western Asia Minor , very likely located in the ancient Caria landscape , which is mentioned in two Hittite letters from the 13th century BC. Is mentioned.

In the middle of the 13th century BC The Tawagalawa letter ( KUB 14.3, CTH 181) written in BC emphasizes the Hittite great king Ḫattušili III. , to the ruler of Aḫḫijawa expressly that he spared Atrija while he destroyed all other fortresses in the region around Ijalanda (§4 lines 35-37). It is not entirely clear whether Ḫattušili means the fortress or the district of the city of Atrija. The latter reading is currently preferred. The mention that he spared her is followed by a word in the text (§4, line 37) that u. a. the meaning "for the benefit ...", "for ... sake", and then a gap in which the name of a city was probably found (the ideogram URU for city was apparently still recognizable in the first translations from the 1920s onwards ). It was assumed by parts of the research that Millawanda , which was then under the rule of Aḫḫijawa (according to the strongly prevailing opinion, a Mycenaean state), should be supplemented here. In any case, Ḫattušili III. to have taken into account the interests of Millawanda / Aḫḫijawa or existing contracts with Atrija.

The Milawata letter to a subordinate ruler in Western Anatolia, written by Ḫattušili's son and successor Tudḫalija IV (ruled approx and had taken Utima. After his refusal to deliver them, the Hittite great king intervened, apparently deposed him and then appointed his son and recipient of the letter as the new vassal ruler. However, he also seems to have not yet released the prisoners from Atrija and Utima, although the Great King had already made an advance payment and released hostages from Awarna and Pinali , which he apparently had during his campaign against the Lukka countries (see also Yalburt ) captured. It is not certain who the recipient of the Milawata letter was; above all Tarkasnawa of Mira - so the currently prevailing opinion - or a ruler / representative of Aḫḫijawa in Milawata / Millawanda are suspected.

The exact location of Atrija has not yet been clarified. It is often located near the ancient city of Stratonikeia or its predecessor settlement Idrias. According to the information in the Tawagalawa letter, Atrija was located near the regional center Ijalanda, which some research associates with the ancient Alinda due to the topographical information and the similar-sounding name . This equation would strengthen a localization of Atrija near Idrias / Stratonikeia, since both places are not far from each other. However, a connection between Ijalanda and Alinda is contradicted by parts of the research and Ijalanda is located much further east, e.g. B. between Laodikeia (near Denizli ), Apameia (today Dinar ) and the Indostal . If Ijalada is located much further to the east, a location of Atrija near Stratonikeia would be very questionable.

Remarks

↑ s. on this Susanne Heinhold-Krahmer : The text commentary from a philological and historical perspective. In: Susanne Heinhold-Krahmer Elisabeth Rieken (Ed.): The ›Tawagalawa Letter‹: Complaints about Piyamaradu. A new edition (= Studies on Assyriology and Near Eastern Archeology, Vol 13). , De Gruyter, Berlin / Boston 2019, p. 99. (accessed via De Gruyter Online).
^ Gary M. Beckman, Trevor R. Bryce , Eric H. Cline : The Ahhiyawa Texts (= Writings from the Ancient World 28). Society of Biblical Literature, Atlanta 2011, p. 4.
↑ Detailed information on the reading, addition and interpretation of this line: Susanne Heinhold-Krahmer: The text commentary from a philological and historical perspective. In: Susanne Heinhold-Krahmer Elisabeth Rieken (Ed.): The ›Tawagalawa Letter‹: Complaints about Piyamaradu. A new edition (= Studies on Assyriology and Near Eastern Archeology, Vol 13). , De Gruyter, Berlin / Boston 2019, p. 99 f. with further evidence (accessed via De Gruyter Online).
↑ on this letter in detail u. a. Gary M. Beckman, Trevor R. Bryce, Eric H. Cline: The Ahhiyawa Texts (= Writings from the Ancient World 28). Society of Biblical Literature, Atlanta 2011, pp. 123-133.
↑ For the different assignments see Wolf-Dietrich Niemeier : Ḫattusa's relations with western Asia Minor and Mycenaean Greece (Aḫḫijawa). In: Gernot Wilhelm (Ed.): Ḫattuša-Boğazköy. The Hittite Empire in the field of tension of the ancient Orient. 6th International Colloquium of the German Orient Society 22. – 24. March 2006, Würzburg. Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 2008, p. 323f., Who himself leaves open whether the recipient was in Milawanta or if it is Tarkasnawa von Mira.
↑ John David Hawkins : Tarkasnawa King of Mira. "Tarkondemos", Boǧazköy sealings and Karabel . In: Anatolian Studies 48 (1998) pp. 1–31, especially p. 27 .; Alexander Herda: Karkiša-Caria and the so-called Ionian migration. In: Frank Rumscheid (Ed.): The Karer and the Others. International Colloquium at the Free University of Berlin October 13-15, 2005 (2009), p. 54, note 141 (with further evidence).
↑ So most recently Max Gander: Tlos, Oinoanda and the Hittite Invasion of the Lukka Lands. Some Thoughts on the History of North-Western Lycia in the Late Bronze and Iron Ages. Klio 96.2 (2014), p. 403 - with further evidence for the rejection of the equation of Ijalanda with Alinda by De Martino and Forlanini. More detailed on the location of Ijalanda: Max Gander: The geographic relations of the Lukka countries . Texts of the Hittites, issue 27 (2010). ISBN 978-3-8253-5809-9 . P. 194ff.

literature

Trevor Bryce : The Routledge Handbook of The People and Places of Ancient Western Asia: The Near East from the Early Bronze Age to the Fall of the Persian Empire . Routledge 2009, ISBN 978-1-134-15908-6 , p. 92, sv Atrya .
Susanne Heinhold-Krahmer : The text commentary from a philological and historical perspective. In: Susanne Heinhold-Krahmer, Elisabeth Rieken (ed.): The “Tawagalawa letter”. Complaints about Piyamaradu. A new edition. De Gruyter, Berlin / Boston 2020, p. 99.

[1] s. on this Susanne Heinhold-Krahmer : The text commentary from a philological and historical perspective. In: Susanne Heinhold-Krahmer Elisabeth Rieken (Ed.): The ›Tawagalawa Letter‹: Complaints about Piyamaradu. A new edition (= Studies on Assyriology and Near Eastern Archeology, Vol 13). , De Gruyter, Berlin / Boston 2019, p. 99. (accessed via De Gruyter Online).

[2] Gary M. Beckman, Trevor R. Bryce , Eric H. Cline : The Ahhiyawa Texts (= Writings from the Ancient World 28). Society of Biblical Literature, Atlanta 2011, p. 4.

[3] Detailed information on the reading, addition and interpretation of this line: Susanne Heinhold-Krahmer: The text commentary from a philological and historical perspective. In: Susanne Heinhold-Krahmer Elisabeth Rieken (Ed.): The ›Tawagalawa Letter‹: Complaints about Piyamaradu. A new edition (= Studies on Assyriology and Near Eastern Archeology, Vol 13). , De Gruyter, Berlin / Boston 2019, p. 99 f. with further evidence (accessed via De Gruyter Online).

[4] this letter in detail u. a. Gary M. Beckman, Trevor R. Bryce, Eric H. Cline: The Ahhiyawa Texts (= Writings from the Ancient World 28). Society of Biblical Literature, Atlanta 2011, pp. 123-133.

[5] For the different assignments see Wolf-Dietrich Niemeier : Ḫattusa's relations with western Asia Minor and Mycenaean Greece (Aḫḫijawa). In: Gernot Wilhelm (Ed.): Ḫattuša-Boğazköy. The Hittite Empire in the field of tension of the ancient Orient. 6th International Colloquium of the German Orient Society 22. – 24. March 2006, Würzburg. Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 2008, p. 323f., Who himself leaves open whether the recipient was in Milawanta or if it is Tarkasnawa von Mira.

[6] John David Hawkins : Tarkasnawa King of Mira. "Tarkondemos", Boǧazköy sealings and Karabel . In: Anatolian Studies 48 (1998) pp. 1–31, especially p. 27 .; Alexander Herda: Karkiša-Caria and the so-called Ionian migration. In: Frank Rumscheid (Ed.): The Karer and the Others. International Colloquium at the Free University of Berlin October 13-15, 2005 (2009), p. 54, note 141 (with further evidence).

[7] So most recently Max Gander: Tlos, Oinoanda and the Hittite Invasion of the Lukka Lands. Some Thoughts on the History of North-Western Lycia in the Late Bronze and Iron Ages. Klio 96.2 (2014), p. 403 - with further evidence for the rejection of the equation of Ijalanda with Alinda by De Martino and Forlanini. More detailed on the location of Ijalanda: Max Gander: The geographic relations of the Lukka countries . Texts of the Hittites, issue 27 (2010). ISBN 978-3-8253-5809-9 . P. 194ff.