Tatbīr
Tatbīr ( Arabic تطبير, DMG taṭbīr ; also Haidar , known in India as Talwar Zani and Qama Zani ) is a funeral rite practiced by some Twelve Shiites on Ashura day on 10th Muharram and on Arba'in day. The traditional rite involves putting on white clothing and using a sharp object to injure one's head, back and chest or to scourge it in such a way that blood flows. This rite commemorates the battle of Karbala , at which the grandson of the prophet Hussain ibn ʿAlī and his companions and close relatives were martyred by the troops of the Umayyad ruler Yazid I.
The vast majority of eminent Shiite scholars have declared the practice of Tatbir forbidden:
| # | Grand Ayatollah | judgment | description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Abū l-Qāsim al-Chū'ī | Forbidden | "If the bloody beatings ( matam ) and the chains, which is practiced in Muharam, causes serious harm or offends or ridicules (the reputation of) the religion and sect, then it is inadmissible." |
| 2 | Ali Sistani | Forbidden | "[...] So actions that are incomprehensible and cause misunderstandings and disregard for religion must be avoided." |
| 3 | Ruhollah Khomeini | Forbidden | “Mourning and breast-chopping for the 'unjustly treated' (the victims of the tragedy of Kerbala) is one of the best religious practices, but participants must be careful to avoid wounds and blood flow. If such acts discredit religion, they are betrothed. In any case, it is recommended that the participants refrain from such actions. " |
| 4th | Morteza Motahhari | Forbidden | “The bloody beat ( matam ) in its present form has no rational or religious basis. It is a clear case of deviation. At least it is what causes Shi'ism to be called into question today. Activities unrelated to Imam Husain's goals are knives, blades, and locks. Hitting the head with a blade is the same. This is a mistake. Some people take blades and hit their heads, causing blood to flow - what for? This action is not mourning. " |
| 5 | Muhammad Baqir al-Sadr | Forbidden | “Remembrance is a thorn in the side of tyrants, and these rituals have implanted the love of Imam Hussain (a.) And the love of Islam in the hearts of generations, so we should preserve them, although some of them need polishing and modification . " |
| 6th | Ali Khamene'i | Forbidden | "In addition to the fact that it is not generally held to be manifestations of grief and grief, and there is no precedent in the Imams' lifetime and even after, and we have not received any tradition quoted by the infallible about any support for this act whether private or public, this practice would give others a bad image of our school of thought today. Therefore it can in no way be considered admissible. " |
| 7th | Lankarani | Forbidden | "[...] It is clear that the bloody beat ( matam ) does not play this role in this situation; rather, it has a negative effect because it cannot be accepted and has no evidence for its opponents. Therefore, it is necessary that the Shiites who love Imam Hussain's (a.) School of thought refrain from doing so. If one had taken an oath in this regard, the oath would not have the conditions of a correct oath. " |
| 8th | Makarem Shirazi | Forbidden | “Tatbir is an innovation that has done considerable damage to the Shiite name. Because of this act, the Shia have been accused of ignorance and madness worldwide. At this time, we make it clear that this act should be avoided entirely. Simply put, it is haram to inflict harm on the body, be it by tatbir, chains of blades, or injuring yourself in a way that causes significant bodily harm. " |
| 9 | Sadiq Hussaini Shirazi | Not forbidden | "Tatbir is allowed on Arba'in, Fatimiyah and other sad occasions, although it is better to keep Tatbir as a ritual for Ashura alone." |
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Al-Masa'il al-Shar'iyah, istifta'at Imam Khoei, al-Ibadat and al-Tariq al-Najah, B. 2, p. 445
- ↑ Image with a stamped fatwa with a similar answer.
- ↑ Picture with a stamped fatwa.
- ↑ Howzah va Ruhaniyat, B. 3
- ↑ “Al-Shaheed Al-Sadr”, Shaykh Muhammad Rida Al-Numani (a very close student of the sayyid), Published Qom.
- ↑ Practical Laws of Islam. Retrieved September 21, 2018 .
- ↑ Jama 'al-Masa'il, issue 2173.
- ↑ Practical Laws of Islam. Retrieved September 21, 2018 .
- ^ Q&A - Office of the Grand Ayatollah Sayid Sadiq Al-Shirazi . In: Office of the Grand Ayatollah Sayid Sadiq Al-Shirazi . ( Online [accessed September 21, 2018]).
