Abū l-Qāsim al-Chū'ī
Abū l-Qāsim al-Chū'ī ( Arabic أبو القاسم الموسوي الخوئي Abu l-Qasim al-Musawi al-Chui , DMG Abū l-Qāsim al-Mūsawī al-Ḫūʾī ), also Abul Kassem al-Choei ( Persian ابوالقاسم خویی; * November 19, 1899 in Choi , Iran ; † August 8, 1992 in Kufa , Iraq ), was a Grand Ayatollah .
Life
In 1912, at the age of 13, he went to Najaf in Iraq to begin his religious studies at the local Hawza , the theological college . He stayed for more than 70 years at this school of Islam of Shiite interpretation, as a student, teacher and from 1970 as its director, after he had been elected to succeed the Grand Ayatollah Muhsin al-Tabataba'i al-Hakim (1889–1970). He had attained the rank of ayatollah soon after he turned 30. From 1970 until his death he was the highest spiritual dignitary of all Shiites; the “great imam” Ruhollah Khomeini was only more important to many Iranians .
State theory
Abū l-Qāsim al-Mūsawī al-Chū'ī was among the Grand Ayatollahs one of the most pronounced opponents of the theory, developed not by the Grand Ayatollahs but by Ruhollah Khomeini, that the guardianship ( Velayat-e Faqih ) of Islamic jurists is the Islamic state ruled by the highest legal scholars demand. This desire, which formed the basis for the structure of the Islamic Republic of Iran , was, according to its quietist conception, which stood in the centuries-old tradition of the Shiite clergy, a new creation without justification in Shiite theology or jurisprudence.
Relationship to Saddam Hussein's regime
Abū l-Qāsim al-Mūsawī al-Chū'ī refused to support Saddam Hussein's regime . After the Shiite uprising against Saddam Hussein's government was put down in March 1991, he was first arrested, forced to appear on television with Saddam Hussein and then placed under house arrest.
death
He died in his apartment in Kufa on Saturday, August 8, 1992. The government immediately closed all roads to Kufa and Najaf and imposed curfews to prevent demonstrations critical of the regime. The official media announced the death of the Grand Ayatollah and announced that the funeral would take place on Sunday. At around midnight, however, his family was instructed to bury the body before sunrise. Grand Ayatollah Ali as-Sistani said the funeral prayers. The coffin was accompanied by only six people, but the government media announced that the coffin had been carried to all important religious sites in the area with great escort and with the participation of government officials and then laid to rest.
Sons
One of his sons, Sayyid Mohammed Taqi al-Choei , died on the night of July 21-22, 1994 in a car accident allegedly arranged by Saddam Hussein's people.
Another son, Sayyid Abdul Madschid al-Choi , returned to Iraq from exile after the American conquest of Baghdad in 2003. As chairman of the al-Choei Foundation founded by his father to support religious and charitable works, he wanted to endeavor to revive the religious center of Najaf. He was murdered on April 10, 2003 near the Imam Ali Mosque in Najaf.
literature
- Seyyed Vali Reza Nasr: The Shia Revival: How Conflicts Within Islam Will Shape the Future. Norton, New York 2006, ISBN 0-393-06211-2 .
- Ruhollah Khomeini: The Islamic State. Translated from Persian and edited by Nader Hassan and Ilse Itscherenska. Klaus-Schwarz-Verlag, Berlin 1983, ISBN 3-922968-21-X (first edition: Union, Berlin 1983).
Web links
- CV (English) ( Memento from August 28, 2005 in the Internet Archive )
Individual evidence
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Chū'ī, Abū l-Qāsim al- |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Al-Khoei; Choei, Abul Kassem al- |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Shiite clergyman (Iraq) |
| DATE OF BIRTH | November 19, 1899 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Choy |
| DATE OF DEATH | August 8, 1992 |
| Place of death | Kufa |