Temporal adverbial
Temporal adverbial is the term used in grammar for an expression that is used to indicate a temporal position of a situation or temporal relationships between two situations. The term adverbial leaves open how the expression is structured: It can be a prepositional phrase (e.g. next year) , a subordinate clause ( adverbial clause , e.g. before it gets dark) or a single word ( Adverb , e.g. now) . Such expressions interact in the sentence with the tense , which also contains information about temporal relationships, but is a grammatical category (whereas adverbs of time etc. are part of the vocabulary ).
The temporal adverbials can be subdivided into those that indicate the temporal position, temporal duration, or temporal sequence. There are also frequency adverbials z. B. As always, sometimes or twice , used to count times or events.
Temporal sequence
Temporal sequence relationships can be expressed especially by temporal conjunctions :
- Prematurity , e.g. B. after, once;
- Simultaneity , e.g. B. during, as, as long or
- Nachzeitigkeit , z. B. before, until etc.
Time / period / positional adverbials
In the case of adverbials of the temporal position, a distinction can be made between an absolute, temporal localization
im Jahre 2017 um 15.31 Uhr
and a relative localization like
jetzt, morgen oder in der letzten Woche
This also includes the temporal question adverb when .
- Further examples
just, after, finally, at the beginning, soon, then, then, rather, now, meanwhile, recently, now, since then, at the same time, last, finally, since, today, tomorrow, yesterday, meanwhile, now, the day after tomorrow, for the time being, before, in the evening, afterwards, earlier, in good time
- We now come to point 2 of the presentation.
- We have to replace the light bulb in good time.
Duration / duration adverbials
With duration adverbials, e.g. Such as twenty minutes long and time frame adverbials, e.g. B. in thirty minutes the time is given over which eventualities extend.
- Further examples
long, always, still, forever, always, forever
- We will be together forever and ever .
Repetition / recurrence / frequency adverbials
Examples
often, often, sometimes, occasionally, sometimes, sometimes, sometimes, rarely, once, twice, three times, several times, annually, in the evening, usually, at night, on Tuesdays
- I often swim 10 laps.
- I rarely get home before midnight.
literature
Duden . The grammar. 8th edition. Bibliographisches Institut / Dudenverlag, Mannheim 2009, ISBN 978-3-411-04048-3 , p. 575 f .: The temporal adverb .
Web links
Remarks
- ↑ regarding the utterance time S (in the sense of the tense system of the tense system of Reichenbach )