Thermos
Thermos , also called Thermon or Thermum, was a Greek sanctuary in Aetolia , near the modern parish of Thermo . It served as a meeting place for the Aetolian League ( Polybios 28, 4). The center of the sanctuary was the Temple of Apollo, the first buildings of which were built in the 7th century BC. BC originated.
But as early as the late Helladic period, buildings have been documented in thermos that were inhabited throughout the Mycenaean period. In the 10th century BC The so-called Megaron B, an elongated megaron-like building, was built on the site , but it was built in the 8th century BC. BC no longer existed and only at the end of the 7th century BC. Was replaced by Temple C. Among the remains of this temple are the earliest detectable metopes of a Doric frieze . The clay-baked metopes were painted with mythical scenes.
Thermos was not a city in the strict sense and until the 3rd century BC. The Aetolian League was more of a loose association of tribes than a weighty group of city-states. It is not known whether the sanctuary had a regular border before the Hellenistic period . From the Hellenistic period onwards, it was protected by walls with towers as part of the political disputes in which the League played a role. At the same time, the sanctuary was equipped with three long pillared halls, Stoen , and the source south of the temple was elaborately captured.
During this time, numerous bronze statues were donated to the sanctuary as votive gifts, of which only fragments - fingers, toes, horse hooves - and marble statue bases are preserved, which testify to the former importance of the sanctuary.
literature
- Nancy Bookidis: Thermos Aitolia, Greece . In: Richard Stillwell et al. a. (Ed.): The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites. Princeton University Press, Princeton NJ 1976, ISBN 0-691-03542-3 .
- A. Kalpaxis: Early Archaic Architecture in Greece and Asia Minor . Athens 1976, p. 47 ff.
- Georg Kawerau - Georgios Soteriades: The Temple of Apollo to Thermos . In: Antike Denkmäler , Vol. 2, 1902/08. ( Online )
- Gottfried Gruben : The temples of the Greeks . 4th edition. Hirmer, Munich 1986, ISBN 3-7774-4400-6 , pp. 33-35
- Wolfgang Müller-Wiener : Greek construction in antiquity . CH Beck, Munich 1988, ISBN 3-406-32993-4 , pp. 112-113.
Web links
Coordinates: 38 ° 33 ′ 34 ″ N , 21 ° 40 ′ 5 ″ E