Tigernán Ua Ruairc

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Tigernán Mór Ua Ruairc ( New Irish Tighearnán Mór Ua Ruairc , Anglicized Tiernan O'Rourke ; * before 1124, † 1172 ) was a king of Bréifne in Ireland . He is considered the 19th king of the Ua Ruairc dynasty, which lasted from 964–1605. He was one of the provincial kings of Ireland in the 12th century. He expanded his kingdom through changing alliances, the longest of which was the one with Toirdelbach Ua Conchobair ( Turlough O'Connor ), King of Connacht and High King of Ireland and his son and successor Ruaidhrí Ua Conchobair ( Rory O'Connor ).

He is best known for his role in the expulsion of Diarmuid Mac Murchadha ( Dermot MacMurrogh ), King of Leinster , from Ireland in 1166. Mac Murchadha's subsequent recruitment of mostly Cambro-Norman nobles to aid him in the reconquest of his kingdom led to him for the Anglo-Norman conquest of Ireland .

Early years

Ruairc, among others, could have ruled Bréifne since 1124, as Mac Carthaigh's Book and the annals of the four masters suggest. The first describes that at that time he allied himself with the kings of Meath and Leinster against Toirdelbach Ua Conchobair. However, the Ulster Annals and the Tigernach Annals do not mention him until 1128 when they describe the robbery and killing of some people in the company of the Archbishop of Armagh . In the Ulster annals it is described as "a hideous and unprecedented act of ominous proportions".

He appears to have carried out a number of raids on other territories in the 1130s. In 1143 he assisted Toirdelbach Ua Conchobair in the capture of his son Ruaidhrí. In 1144 he received half of the eastern part of the Kingdom of Meath from Ua Conchobair, while the other half fell to Diarmuid Mac Murchadha, King of Leinster. Both Ua Ruairc and Mac Murchadha accompanied the Hochkönig on an invasion of Munster in 1151.

Derbforgaill kidnapping and the Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland

In 1152 Ua Ruairc's wife Derbforgaill was kidnapped along with her cattle and all her movable property by Diarmuid Mac Murchadha, who carried out a hostile incursion into Ua Ruairc's territory, supported by Toirdelbach Ua Conchobair.

Although the annals of the four masters state that Derbforgaill returned to Ua Ruairc the following year, the matter did not end there. 1166 was jointly expelled from Leinster by Ua Ruairc, Ruaidhrí Ua Conchobair, who succeeded his father as King of Connacht and High King of Irand, and Diarmait Ua Maelseachlainn , King of Meath, Mac Murchadha.

Despite the 14-year span between Derbforgaill's abduction and Mac Murchadha's expulsion from Leinster, several sources acknowledge Ua Ruairc's role in Mac Murchadha's expulsion as a desire for vengeance for his wife's abduction.

Mac Murchadha fled to the court of King Henry II of England , who was staying in Aquitaine at the time, where he asked Heinrich for help in regaining his territory in Leinster. Heinrich allowed Mac Murchadha to enlist mercenaries among his subjects. He persuaded Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke , known as "Strongbow", to support him and promised him the inheritance of Leinster in return.

In 1167 Mac Murchadha returned to Leinster with a small band of Norman knights and was defeated by Ruaidhrí Ua Conchobair, Ua Ruairc and Ua Maelseachlainn. Although allowed to stay in Ireland, he was forced to pay Ua Ruairc 100 ounces of gold in reparation for the kidnapping of Derbforgaill and hand over several hostages to Ruaidhrí. It was only with the arrival of Robert FitzStephen , Hervey de Montmorency , Raymond le Gros, and finally Strongbow himself, that Mac Murchadha had success in the dispute. Ruairc's territories in Meath, among others, were sacked by Mac Murchadha and Strongbow in 1170. In response, the Tigernach Annals report, Ua Ruairc Ruaidhrí persuaded Ua Conchobair to kill the hostages he had taken from Mac Murchadha a year earlier.

In 1171 Ua Ruairc accompanied Ruaidhrí in an unsuccessful siege of Dublin, which had previously been captured by Mac Murchada and Strongbow. He sacked the area around Dublin later that year and unsuccessfully fought the Normans stationed there under Miles de Cogan. His son Aodh died in this fight.

According to Giraldus Cambrensis , Ua Ruairc was one of the kings in Ireland who swore allegiance to Henry II of England after he appeared in Ireland in 1171 to take control of Strongbow.

death

According to Giraldus Cambrensis, Ua Ruairc was killed by the Cambro-Norman knight Griffin FitzWilliam, who stood in defense of Hugh de Lacy and Maurice FitzGerald , who wanted to kill Ua Ruairc after unsuccessful negotiations. This happened shortly after Henry II left Ireland. The Annals of Tigernach, however, report that he was deceived and killed in 1172 by Eoan Mer, Richard de Clare the Younger (a son of Strongbow) and Domhnall, a son of Annach Ua Ruairc. The annals of the four masters claim that his death was at the hands of de Lacy and Domhnall. They report that he was "a man of great power for a long time."

Offspring

Ua Ruairc had at least three children: a son named Maelseachlainn Ua Ruairc, who was killed in 1162. a son named Aodh Ua Ruairc, who died in the attack on Dublin, and a daughter named Dubhchobhlaigh, who was married to Ruaidhrí Ua Conchobair .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Mac Carthaigh's Book . P. 15. Annal MCB1124.2. Retrieved February 17, 2014.
  2. ↑ Annals of the Four Masters, Volume 2 . P. 1020 Annal M1124.7. Retrieved February 17, 2014.
  3. ↑ Annals of Ulster . P. 578, Annal U1128.5. Retrieved February 17, 2014.
  4. ^ Annals of Tigernach . Pp. 152-156 & 162 Annals T1135-1138 & T1143.5. Retrieved May 23, 2011.
  5. ↑ Annals of the Four Masters, Volume 2 . P. 1075 Annal M1144.7. Retrieved May 23, 2011.
  6. ^ Annals of Tigernach . P. 172 Annal T1151.3. Retrieved May 23, 2011.
  7. ^ Annals of Tigernach . P. 176. Annal 1152.6. Retrieved May 23, 2011.
  8. ^ Annals of Tigernach . Retrieved March 24, 2014. and Annals of the Four Masters . Retrieved March 24, 2014. indicate that Mac Murchada was first defeated by Ruaidhrí Ua Conchobair before Ua Ruairc and Ua Maeleachlainn led a force that included the 'Foreigners of Dublin' (Vikings) and some Leinster men who Mac Murchadha forced to flee. Annals: T1166.3, T1166.13, M1166.13, M1166.14 and M1166.16
  9. ↑ Both the Annals of Tigernach , the Song of Dermot and the Count, and Giraldus Cambrensis in the Expugnatio Hibernica all report that revenge for Derbforgaill's kidnapping was a motive for Ua Ruairc to ban Mac Murchadha from Leinster.
  10. ↑ Giraldus Cambrensis: Expugnatio Hibernica: The Conquest of Ireland ed. TW Mooney, FX Martin, FJ Byrne . Royal Irish Academy, Dublin 1978, pp. 25-31.
  11. ^ Annals of Tigernach . P. 174 Annal T1167.5. Retrieved May 23, 2011.
  12. ↑ Giraldus Cambrensis: Expugnatio Hibernica , pp. 39-61.
  13. ↑ Giraldus Cambrensis: Expugnatio Hibernica , p. 69.
  14. ^ Annals of Tigernach . P. 280 Annal 1170.14. Retrieved May 23, 2011.
  15. ↑ Giraldus Cambrensis: Expugnatio Hibernica , pp. 79-91.
  16. ↑ Giraldus Cambrensis: Expugnatio Hibernica , pp. 91-95.
  17. ↑ Giraldus Cambrensis: Expugnatio Hibernica , pp. 112-115.
  18. ^ Annals of Tigernach . P. 285, Annal T1172.8. Retrieved February 17, 2014.
  19. ↑ Annals of the Four Masters, Volume 3 . S. 5. Annal M1172.4. Retrieved February 17, 2014.
  20. ^ Annals of Tigernach . P. 193 Annal T1162.7. Retrieved February 17, 2014.
personal data
SURNAME Tigernán Ua Ruairc
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Tighearnán including Ruairc; Tiernan O'Rourke
BRIEF DESCRIPTION King of Bréifne in Ireland
DATE OF BIRTH before 1124
DATE OF DEATH 1172