Tolowa

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The Tolowa are an Indian tribe from northwest California who speak an Athapaskan dialect . The language is called Hawuwut . Their original home was in the Smith River basin .

They were considered to be the middlemen in the trade in Dentalium trays from the Vancouver Islands . Dental trays served as currency in the region and were therefore a highly regarded item.

In addition, the Tolowa were skillful boatmen (canoes made of sequoia wood), made ropes and cords from leaves, were good basket weavers and made rattles as accompanying instruments for religious purposes. Their neighbors included the Yurok and the Karok .

In a massacre in Yontocket in 1853, 450 to 500 Tolawi were killed by whites, another 65 died in another massacre in 1854 in the nearby, now defunct Achulet.

In 1920 there were 121 Tolowas in Del Norte County . In 2013 there was only one person in the world who could speak the Tolowa language.

The Tolowa Dee-ni 'Nation, the state-recognized Indian tribe of around 1,700 members (as of 2019), is the successor of the Tolowa and is represented by a tribal council of seven people.

See also

literature

  • Martin A. Baumhoff: Ecological Determinants of Aboriginal California Populations . University of California Publications in American Archeology and Ethnology, 1963
  • Sherburne F. Cook: The Conflict between the California Indian and White Civilization I: The Indian Versus the Spanish Mission . Ibero-Americana No. 21. University of California, Berkeley, 1943.
  • Sherburne F. Cook: The Aboriginal Population of the North Coast of California . Anthropological Records, University of California, Berkeley, 1956.
  • Philip Drucker: The Tolowa and their Southwest Oregon Kin . University of California Publications in American Archeology and Ethnology, Berkeley, 1937.
  • Robert F. Heizer (Ed.): Handbook of North American Indians . Vol. 8. California . Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington DC 1978
  • AL Kroeber: Handbook of the Indians of California . Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin No. 78.Washington, DC, 1925
  • The large picture atlas of Indians , Orbis-Verlag 1995, ISBN 3-572-00770-4 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ When a language dies on wienerzeitung.at on September 25, 2013
  2. ↑ About Tolowa Dee-ni 'Nation at www.tolowa-nsn.gov, accessed January 25, 2019

Web links