Tărtăria clay tablets

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Vinča sign on one of the clay tablets of Tărtăria
Monument near the site. Translation of the inscription: Tărtăria 5500 BC: The first written message in human history

The Tărtăria clay tablets are three small clay tablets (possibly amulets ) that were discovered in 1961 in the village of Tărtăria , which is now part of the Săliştea municipality ( Alba county ) in Romania . They show Vinča symbols , the most important regional variant of the Danube font called sign system , also known as Old European font is called (even if the classification of the sign system as a font is controversial). The signs are assigned to the prehistoric Vinča culture . The clay tablets are dated to around 5500-5300 BC. Chr., But were recently referred to as a possible forgery. They are kept in the Muzeul Național de Istorie a Transilvaniei (National Museum of the History of Transylvania) in Cluj-Napoca .

The discovery

In 1875, archaeologists discovered many objects with previously unknown symbols during excavations in Turdaș . In 1961 a group of researchers from the National Museum in Cluj , led by Nicolae Vlassa, discovered the three clay tablets described here.

According to a thesis published in 2013, the clay tablets from Tărtăria could be a fake.

literature

  • A. Falkenstein: On the tables from Tartaria , in: Germania 43 (1965) 269-273.
  • Harald Haarmann : Writing from Old Europe to Ancient Crete - A Case Study of Cultural Continuity , in: The Journal of Indo-European Studies 17 (1990) 251-277.
  • Dominique Jongbloed: Civilizations antédiluviennes. Bilan de 2,500 ans de recherches , Alphée ed. 2011.
  • Gheorghe Lazarovici, Fl. Drasovean & Z. Maxim 2000 The Eagle - the Bird of death, regeneration resurection and messenger of Gods. Archaeological and ethnological problems. Tibiscum, 57-68
  • Gheorghe Lazarovici, Fl. Drasovean & Z. Maxim 2000 The eye-symbol, gesture, expression. Tibiscum, 115–128
  • Gheorghe Lazarovici, Marco Merlini: New archaeological data referring to Tărtăria tablets , in: Documenta Praehistorica XXXII, Department of Archeology Faculty of Arts, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana 2005, pp. 205–219 ( online , PDF).
  • Marco Marlini: La scrittura è natta in Europe? , Roma 2004.
  • Marco Merlini: The Sacred Cryptograms from Tărtăria. Unique or Widespread Signs? Putting the Asserted Literate Content of the Tablets under Scrutiny , in: Fifty Years of Tărtăria Excavations. Festschrift in Honor of Gheorghe Lazarovici, Sebastopol / California 2014, pp. 73–119.
  • Janos Makkay: The Late Neolithic Tordos Group of Signs . Alba Regia 10 (1969) 9-50.
  • Janos Makkay: Early Stamp Seals in South-East Europe . Budapest 1984.
  • Emilia Masson: L'écriture dans les civilizations danubiennes néolithiques . Kadmos 23.2 (1984) 89-123.
  • Zoia Maxim: Neo-eneoliticul din Transilvania . Bibliotheca Musei Napocensis 19th Cluj-Napoca 1997.
  • Marco Marlini, Gheorghe Lazarovici: Settling discovery circumstances, dating and utilization of the Tărtăria tablets (PDF; 10.8 MB). In: Acta Terrae Septemcastrensis. Volume: VII. 2008. Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu.
  • Vladimir Milojčić : The clay tablets of Tartaria (Transylvania), and the Absolute Chronology of the Central European Neolithic , in: Germania 43 (1963) 266-268.
  • Iuliu Paul: Prehistoric investigations in Siebenburgen . Alba Iulia 1918 ( table of contents online ).
  • Nicolae Vlassa: Contribuții la Problema racordării Neoliticul Transilvaniei , 1976, pp. 28-43, fig. 7-8.
  • Winn Milton McChesney: The signs of the Vinc̆a Culture , University Microfilms, 1973.
  • Shan M. Stroemfeld Winn: Pre-writing in Southeast Europe: The Sign System of the Vinča culture . BAR 1981.

Web links

Commons : Clay tablets of Tărtăria  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Harald Haarmann : "Geschichte der Schrift", CH Beck, 2002, ISBN 3-406-47998-7 , p. 20.
  2. ↑ a b Erika Qasim: The Tărtăria tablets - a reassessment . In: Das Altertum , ISSN  0002-6646 , Vol. 58, 4 (2013), pp. 307-318.
  3. ↑ Photos from Romania - The Tartaria tablets. www.romaniaphotos.ro, accessed on March 29, 2015 (English).
  4. ^ Alasdair WR Whittle, Europe in the Neolithic: The Creation of New Worlds , Cambridge University Press, 1996, p. 101.