Tragelaphus
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Bushbuck ( Tragelaphus scriptus ) |
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| de Blainville , 1816 |
Tragelaphus is agenus of antelope foundin Africa with 15 species, including the kudu, the nyalas and the bushbuck.
Surname
The name of the genus comes from the Greek mythical creature Tragelaphos (Tragelaph, Greek "buck deer"), which they only knew from images on carpets and other oriental products ( Persia and Babylon ) and is only imitated on ancient vases. It was a deer with a beard and shaggy bow. By Latinization was derived from scientific name Tragelaphus for these antelopes genre .
features
These animals are relatively large antelopes with slender limbs and a long neck. They reach a head trunk length of 1.1 to 2.5 meters, a shoulder height of 0.6 to 1.5 meters and a weight of 25 to 315 kilograms, whereby the males are usually significantly heavier than the females. Most species have a short tail, only the bongo is longer and ends in a tassel. The coat color varies from reddish brown to grayish brown, but can vary according to gender, region or age. All species have a yellowish-white coat in the form of spots or stripes, and white patterns are often present between the eyes or on the neck. With the exception of the bongo, only the males have horns, these are twisted in a spiral and can be over a meter long.
Distribution and way of life
The antelope of the genus Tragelaphus are in Africa south of the Sahara is home. They inhabit a number of habitats, including forests and scrublands. Some species like the Sitatunga are bound to the proximity of water, others prefer drier habitats . Activity times and social behavior are also variable.
Systematics
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The genus Tragelaphus includes 15 species:
- Sudan schirrantilope ( Tragelaphus bor Heuglin , 1877)
- Mountain nyala ( Tragelaphus buxtoni ( Lydekker , 1910))
- Ethiopian schirrantilope ( Tragelaphus decula ( Rüppell , 1835))
- Bongo ( Tragelaphus eurycerus ( Ogilby , 1837))
- East coast schirrantilope ( Tragelaphus fasciatus Pocock , 1900)
- Western sitatunga ( Tragelaphus gratus Sclater , 1880)
- Nile sitatunga ( Tragelaphus larkenii ( St. Leger , 1931))
- Highland schirrantilope ( Tragelaphus meneliki Neumann , 1902)
- Zambia schirrantilope ( Tragelaphus ornatus Pocock , 1900)
- Congo schirrantilope ( Tragelaphus phaleratus ( CH Smith , 1827))
- Bushbuck or Senegal Schirrantilope ( Tragelaphus scriptus ( Pallas , 1766))
- Zambezi sitatunga ( Tragelaphus selousi Rothschild , 1898)
- Sitatunga or Wasserkudu and East Africa Sitatunga ( Tragelaphus spekii Speke , 1863)
- Southern schirrantilope ( Tragelaphus sylvaticus ( Sarrman , 1780))
- Nicose Situnga ( Tragelaphus sylvestris ( Meinertzhagen , 1916))
The Bongo is placed in its own sub-genus, Boocercus , and, together with the Sitatunga, stands opposite the other representatives of Tragelaphus . Until the revision of the hornbeams in 2011 by Colin Peter Groves and Peter Grubb, the genus Tragelaphus was broader and also contained the eland antelopes ( Taurotragus ), the nyala ( Nyala ), the lesser kudu ( Ammelaphus ) and the greater kudu ( Strepsiceros ). Together they form the genus group of the Tragelaphini within the subfamily of the Bovinae .
literature
- Colin P. Groves and Peter Grubb: Ungulate Taxonomy. Johns Hopkins University Press, 2011, pp. 1-317 (pp. 108-280)
- Colin P. Groves and David M. Leslie Jr .: Family Bovidae (Hollwow-horned Ruminants). In: Don E. Wilson and Russell A. Mittermeier (eds.): Handbook of the Mammals of the World. Volume 2: Hooved Mammals. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona 2011, ISBN 978-84-96553-77-4 , pp. 444-779
- Ronald M. Nowak: Walker's Mammals of the World . The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore 1999, ISBN 0-8018-5789-9 .
- DE Wilson and DM Reeder: Mammal Species of the World . Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore 2005. ISBN 0-8018-8221-4
Web links
swell
- ↑ http://www.retrobibliothek.de/retrobib/seite.html?id=115822#Tragelaphos
- ↑ Alexandre Hassanin, Marlys L. Houck, Didier Tshikung, Blaise Kadjo, Heidi Davis and Anne Ropiquet: Multi-locus phylogeny of the tribe Tragelaphini (Mammalia, Bovidae) and species delimitation in bushbuck: Evidence for chromosomal speciation mediated by interspecific hybridization. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 129, 2018, pp. 96-105
- ↑ Fayasal Bibi: A multi-calibrated mitochondrial phylogeny of extant Bovidae (Artiodactyla, Ruminantia) and the importance of the fossil record to systematics. BMC Evolutionary Biology 13, 2013, p. 166
- ^ Colin Groves: Current taxonomy and diversity of crown ruminants above the species level. Zitteliana B 32, 2014, pp. 5-14