Bovinae

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Bovinae
Eland

Eland

Systematics
Superordinate : Laurasiatheria
Order : Artiodactyla (Artiodactyla)
Subordination : Ruminants (ruminantia)
without rank: Forehead weapon bearer (Pecora)
Family : Horned Bearers (Bovidae)
Subfamily : Bovinae
Scientific name
Bovinae
Gray , 1821

The Bovinae are a subfamily of the horned bearers (Bovidae). They mainly include the animals referred to in German as cattle and rams .

General

They are relatively large animals, with the largest species weighing over 1000 kilograms. The males (bulls) are often significantly larger than the females (cows, young animals are calves) and have smooth horns. In some groups (such as cattle and eland ) the cows also have horns - but these are smaller. The glands under the eyes or between the toes, which are typical for many people with horns, are missing, instead they have characteristic scent glands on the dewclaws of the hind legs. The general tooth formula is:

- - - - P2 P3 P4 M1 M2 M3
I1 I2 I3 C1 P2 P3 P4 M1 M2 M3

.

The animals of this group are native to Eurasia, Africa and North America. Some species were domesticated and are now important livestock, but many wild species are threatened.

Systematics

Nilgau antelope ( Boselaphus tragocamelus )
Cape buffalo ( Syncerus caffer )
Lowland anoa ( Bubalus depressicornis )

The following tribes, genera and species are distinguished:

  • American bison ( Bos bison Linnaeus , 1758; also bison bison )
  • Wisent ( Bos bonasus Linnaeus , 1758; also Bison bonasus )
  • † Bergwisent ( Bos caucasicus Satunin , 1904; also Bison caucasicus )
  • Gaur ( Bos gaurus C. H. Smith , 1827); from this species the Gayal ( Bos frontalis ) was domesticated
  • Banteng ( Bos javanicus d'Alton , 1823); the Balirind was domesticated from this species
  • Yak ( Bos mutus Przewalski , 1883); from this species the domestic animal form Bos grunniens was domesticated
  • † Aurochs ( Bos primigenius Bojanus , 1827); from this species the domestic cattle ( Bos taurus ) and the zebu ( Bos indicus ) were domesticated
  • Kouprey ( Bos sauveli Urbain , 1937)
  • Water buffalo or arni ( Bubalus arnee ( Kerr , 1792)); from this species the pet form Bubalus bubalis was domesticated
  • Lowland anoa or anoa ( Bubalus depressicornis ( CH Smith , 1827))
  • Tamarau or Mindoro Buffalo ( Bubalus mindorensis Heude , 1888)
  • Mountain anoa ( Bubalus quarlesi ( Ouwens , 1910)); the species is not generally recognized and is usually listed together with the lowland anoa
  • Genus Pseudoryx Dung, Giao, Chinh, Tuoc, Arctander & MacKinnon , 1993
  • Saola or Vietnamese forest cattle ( Pseudoryx nghetinhensis Dung, Giao, Chinh, Tuoc, Arctander & MacKinnon , 1993)
  • Genus Tetracerus Geoffroy Saint Hilaire & F. Cuvier , 1824
  • Genus Boselaphus de Blainville , 1816
  • Genus Nyala Heller , 1912
  • Nyala or lowland nyala ( Nyala angasii ( Angas , 1849))
  • Genus eland ( Taurotragus Wagner , 1855)
  • Giant eland ( Taurotragus derbianus ( Gray , 1847))
  • Eland ( Taurotragus oryx ( Pallas , 1766))

Boselaphini and Tragelaphini are known as " forest goats ". But since the Boselaphini are presumably the sister taxon of all other Bovinae, the forest goats are paraphyletic .

literature

  • DE Wilson, DM Reeder: Mammal Species of the World . Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore 2005. ISBN 0-8018-8221-4

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Colin P. Groves and Peter Grubb: Ungulate Taxonomy. Johns Hopkins University Press, 2011, pp. 1–317 (SS 108–144)
  2. ↑ Colin P. Groves and David M. Leslie Jr .: Family Bovidae (Hollow-horned Ruminants). In: Don E. Wilson and Russell A. Mittermeier (eds.): Handbook of the Mammals of the World. Volume 2: Hooved Mammals. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona 2011, ISBN 978-84-96553-77-4 , pp. 573-618

Web links

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