Shoring
The shoring (also armor) is a construction aid that is used to temporarily support a part of a structure as long as it is not sufficiently load-bearing, as well as for the associated traffic loads. The supporting structure forms the corset for the formwork . The supporting structure or armor has a supporting function. The position and orientation of the supporting structure (inclined, vertical or horizontal) is irrelevant for the assignment of the building aid. It is crucial that the shoring must safely transfer the loads from the manufacture of the concrete component.
Use in concrete construction
Vertical components
When manufacturing vertical concrete components such as columns and walls , loads arise from dead weight, work, wind and fresh concrete pressure. These loads must be safely diverted. In the majority of cases, so-called support formwork is used for this, which is offered by various manufacturers as industrially prefabricated systems. The term girder formwork is misleading because the main task of these systems is their load-bearing function and the formwork serves as a support. For this reason, these construction aids are to be assigned to the shoring. They require engineering dimensioning and planning.
Horizontal components
Horizontal components are often floor slabs . These are produced using so-called ceiling formwork. Here, too, the term slab formwork is incorrect, since these systems are also shoring, which consist of columns, several girder layers and the formwork covering. The main focus is on the load-bearing function. In bridge construction , the most common application of horizontal components is the superstructure. The classic method for building bridge superstructures is the shoring method. For this purpose, a shoring consisting of steel supports, main and longitudinal girders is being erected. So-called cant strips are positioned on the longitudinal girders of the superstructure, which are essentially intended to compensate for deformations and settlements of the supporting structure and to map the geometry of the underside of the superstructure. Wooden structures on which the formwork lining rests are usually built on the cant strips. Since these wooden structures are to be considered primarily from a static construction point of view, they must also be assigned to the shoring.
Heavy shoring made of columns, main beams and side members
Support system for vertical concrete components
Support system for bridge abutments
Support system for bridge piers
Individual evidence
- ↑ DIN EN 12812, Der Prüfingenieur Edition 37, October 2010