Trough clams

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Trough clams
Fixed trough clam (Spisula solida (Linné, 1758))

Fixed trough clam ( Spisula solida (Linné, 1758))

Systematics
Subclass : Heterodonta
Euheterodonta
Superordinate : Imparidentia
Order :
Superfamily : Mactroidea
Family : Trough clams
Scientific name
Mactridae
Lamarck , 1809

The trough mussels (Mactridae) are a family of mussels belonging to the Imparidentia parentage . A total of about 100 species are currently included in the Mactridae family, which live mainly buried in sandy substrate. The oldest members of the family come from the Valanginian ( Lower Cretaceous ).

features

The housing, which has the same flap, is usually large and bulky or compressed at the side. They are horizontal to rounded triangular in outline and often almost equilateral. In unequal-sided cases, the prosogyric vertebrae sit in front of the midline. They often gape at the rear and front ends. The rear housing section often has a keel extending from the vertebra to the lower rear end.

The ligament is located externally and internally. While the external part is very small (or may be absent), the internal part sits in the ligament pit (resilifer) or a spoon-shaped chondrophor . The lock has a large, inverted V-shaped main or cardinal tooth in the left flap. The right flap has two cardinal teeth. Often there are still lateral teeth or lamellae.

The shell is relatively thin-walled, but firm. The surface is smooth or ornamented with concentric strips of growth. The periostracum is usually strong and shiny. It is connected across both valves and forms a kind of secondary ligament.

The siphons are usually quite long (compared to other groups of mussels); however, the length often varies considerably within the trough mussel species. They are usually fused together up to the tip and covered by periostracum. The jacket bay is generally deep and rounded. The foot is very strong and can be used not only for digging, but even for jumping. The two sphincters are roughly the same size.

Geographical distribution habitat and way of life

The trough mussels are distributed worldwide. Most species in the family live more or less buried in silty, sandy or gravelly sediment. They simply stretch the siphons out of the living tube to the surface of the sediment in order to breathe and to bring in food particles. The main occurrence is below the low water line in the tidal and surf zone.

Economical meaning

Many of the species in the trough clam family are edible and are, mostly only locally, collected (or fished) and sold at fish markets.

Taxonomy

Scissodesma spengleri (Linnaeus, 1767) from the coast of South Africa
Mactra glabrata (Linnaeus, 1767) from the coast of South Africa

The taxon was introduced by Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck as Les mactracées . Since the name was ascribed to Lamarck in the later Latinization, Lamarck is also considered the author of the taxon in the more recent scientific literature. Some authors divide the family into five (seven?) Subfamilies: Kymatoxinae Stenzel & Krause, 1957, Lutrariinae Adams & Adams, 1856, Mactrinae Lamarck, 1809, Pteropsellinae Keen, 1969 and Zenatiinae Dall, 1895 as well as with question marks Resaniinae Marwick, 1931 and Tanysiphoninae Scarlato & Starobogatov, 1971.

MolluscaBase does not give a breakdown of the genera into the subfamilies. Some of the above genus (e.g. Mactra ) have been split into a variety of sub-genera. Similar to the MolluscaBase procedure, they are not taken into account here.

supporting documents

literature

  • S. Peter Dance, Rudo von Cosel (arrangement of the German edition): The great book of sea shells. 304 p., Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart, 1977 ISBN 3-8001-7000-0 (p. 251)
  • Markus Huber: Compendium of bivalves. A full-color guide to 3,300 of the world's marine bivalves. A status on Bivalvia after 250 years of research. 901 p., 1 CD-ROM, Hackenheim, ConchBooks, 2010 (p. 694)
  • Rudolf Kilias: Lexicon marine mussels and snails. 2nd edition, 340 p., Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 1997 ISBN 3-8001-7332-8 (p. 180)
  • Raymond Cecil Moore (Ed.): Treatise on invertebrate paleontology. Part N. Mollusca, 6, Bivalvia 2. XXXVIII, S.N490-N951., New York, 1969 (S.N595).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Guido Poppe, Yoshihiro Goto: European Seashells Volume 2 (Scaphopoda, Bivalvia, Cephalopoda) . 221 p., Verlag Christa Hemmen, Wiesbaden 1993 (2000 unc. Reprint) ISBN 3925919104 (p. 99)
  2. ↑ Yasuo Kondo and Shin-ichi Sano: Origination of extant heteroconch families: Ecological and environmental patterns in post-Paleozoic bivalve diversification. Palaeontological Research, 13: 39-44, Tokyo 2009 doi : 10.2517 / 1342-8144-13.1.039
  3. ^ Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck: Philosophy zoologique. Vol. 1, XXV + 428 S., Dentu, Paris, 1809 Online at Google Books (p. 319).
  4. ↑ Xin Wang, Haitao Wei, Mehdi Taheri, Farhad Khormali, Guzel Danukalova, Fahu Chen: Supplementary Information. Early Pleistocene climate in western arid central Asia inferred from loess-palaeosol sequences. ResearchGate
  5. ↑ a b c d e f Raymond Cecil Moore (Ed.): Treatise on invertebrate paleontology. Mollusca, 6, Part N, Bivalvia 2. XXXVIII S., S.N491-951, New York, 1969 (S.N595).
  6. ↑ MolluscaBase: Mactridae Lamarck, 1809