Cherven

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The Tscherwener Burgenland (here "Rotburgenland" ) (orange), between the powerful empires of the Duchy of Poland and the Kievan Rus in the 10th century

Tscherwen ( Old Russian Червенъ , Polish Czerwień ) was a Slavic castle west of the western bow in the far east of today's Poland . It was the center of the Tscherwener Burgenland named after it .

location

The former castle complex is located in the extreme southeast of Poland at the tributary of the Synjucha river into the Huczwa , around one kilometer southeast of the village of Czermno in Gmina Tyszowce in the Tomaszowski powiat in the Polish Lublin Voivodeship .

history

The castle was first mentioned in 981. It was then that Prince Vladimir I of Kiev conquered the Lyach castles of Cherven and Przemyśl . In 1018 the Chervenian castles ( grady Tscherwenskie ) were conquered by the Polish duke Bolesław Chrobry . In 1031 the Kiev prince Yaroslav the Wise acquired the castles again.

The castle is mentioned more often, but there are no written reports about the appearance, function or prehistory of the castle. In 1225 it was designated the main castle of the Tscherwener Burgen (land) .

In 1240 it was conquered by the horsemen of the Golden Horde . It is mentioned for the last time in 1289, after which the traces are completely lost.

Archaeological finds

For a long time it was not clear where the castle had been. The Polish scholar Adam Czarnocki first pointed out the situation near Czermno in 1824, but there was also the possibility of the linguistically less changed Czerwienow ( Powiat Chełmski ), just a few kilometers north, or the old Chervenograd Castle , in what was then the Tarnopol district of the Crown Land of Galicia (today the Ukrainian Ternopil Oblast ).

Excavations took place in 1952, 1976 to 1979 and 1997. The castle and outer bailey, a settlement complex of around 100 hectares, were uncovered. A total of three burial fields were found, evidence of a wooden bridge over the Huczwa and numerous revealing finds.

Web links

Remarks

  1. ↑ 981, 1099, 1121, 1157, 1163, 1171, 1205, 1221, 1225, 1232, 1236, 1240, 1266, 1288 1289
  2. ↑ ACA Friedrich: Historical-geographical representation of old and new Poland , Berlin 1839,
  3. ↑ Józef Kuśnierz, Zamojski Kwartalnik Kulturalny No. 1–2 (74–75) 2003, pp. 26–34.

Coordinates: 50 ° 39 '38.5 "  N , 23 ° 42' 10.4"  E