Tuina

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Tuina ( Chinese  推拿 , Pinyin tuīná  - “press and grasp”, obsolete 推拏 ) is an independent form of Chinese massage and one of the five main pillars of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) - together with Chinese drug therapy , acupuncture , Chinese dietetics and the Movement therapies Qigong and Taijiquan . There are also the spellings Tui-Na or Tui Na . The term is made up of the Chinese words tui ( 推 'push, push' ) and na ( 拿 'grab, pull' ). These manual techniques are used in the treatment.

Tuina therapy includes Western forms of treatment such as chiropractic , various massage techniques and manual therapy .

Theoretical foundations

Tuina is based on the teachings of TCM on human health and illness. The various manual techniques are intended to regulate “ Qì ” and “Xuè” ( 氣血  /  Ess  - “Essence and Blood” 1 ) in the local as well as in the “whole body energy bands” . The "flowing energy" is called Qi. With Tuina, blockages in the energy pathways are to be dissolved and the flow of energy promoted, but also organs to be influenced. Through this stimulation and regulation, Yin and Yang and the functional circle of the five elements in the body are to be restored.

The Wellness Tuina is intended to prevent, reduce negative stress and regulate the whole-body functional system in order to bring body and soul into harmony. It has been traceable since the Tang Dynasty (618–907 AD).

annotation
1 The Chinese word composition qìxuè - 氣血  /  气血 means more than the literal translation of the individual characters "essence" and " blood " together. For example, the TCM term “xuè” encompasses more than the blood fluid in Western medicine, which after the 19th century was no longer humoral pathologically oriented.

technology

The current term Tuina refers to pushing, rubbing and pulling techniques that use both acupressure and variations of pressure treatments on the “energy points”, i.e. acupuncture points - xuéwèi , 穴位 - with the fingers, the fist, the elbow and the knee, manual Include “energy band regulation” such as rolling, pushing, rubbing, fibulation, tapping, “grasping pinching” as well as mobilization and stretching techniques of the joints and muscles. This system includes impulse-generating, manipulative treatments and independent forms of exercise, such as B. Isometric Exercises. There are a total of 18 basic grips and around 300 individual grips. In the Chinese foot massage, in addition to the acupuncture points, the reflex zones are also treated. In the Western world, this is the term reflexology become known.

The therapists point out that this method can be painful, especially in the case of severe complaints.

Before and after the treatment, the patient is interviewed. This is intended to provide information about the validity of the chosen treatment path and its need for revision. In the case of many complaints, especially tension and bad posture or their subsequent complaints, Taijiquan and Qigong are recommended as an accompanying and preventative measure .

Children's Tuina

A sub-form of the Tuina is the so-called “Children's Tuina” - 小兒 推拿  /  小儿 推拿 , xiǎo'ér tuīná . Due to pathological peculiarities in children, special body regions are defined in the children's tuina - in addition to acupuncture points - which are used for diagnosis and treatment. The treatment of children has its own diagnostic criteria and treatment techniques that take into account the physiological characteristics of children. Furthermore, z. Some of the techniques used in adult Tuina are also used.

Historical: Already in the " Inner Classic of the Yellow Emperor " - Huáng Dì Nèijīng , who lived in the 1st century BC. Chr., Findings on pediatrics are recorded. In the Sui dynasty (589 to 618), 255 pediatric symptoms were described. At the beginning of the Tang Dynasty (618 to 906), a separate department for pediatrics was set up in medical training. Qian Yi (1032–1113) was a specialist in pediatrics. In his work "Real Revelations for Symptom-Related Therapy in Pediatrics" ( Xiao'er yaozheng zhijue ) he initiated the further development of paediatrics in TCM. The children's Tuina, which deviates from adult therapy, developed over the course of the Ming and Qing periods (1368 to 1644) and was expanded into an independent therapy system in the Qing period (1644 to 1911).

Theoretical basics: According to the teaching of TCM, bones, marrow, structural potential - jīng - 經  /  经 and qì - 氣  /  气 as well as the functional circles are already formed in the womb. However, they are not fully developed and unfolded at birth. After birth, they continue to develop. According to Qian Yi, the growth process of children takes place in 10 cycles of 32 days each. Every 32 days the body has completed another development step. Qian Yi links bone growth with the development of functional circles. These phases of development can be accompanied by crises that require treatment. The following diagnostic criteria apply: observation, assessment by smell and hearing, touch and questioning of parents. Since the palpation of the pulse as a diagnostic method in children under four years of age is not regarded as meaningful, a line on the index finger is used for diagnosis.

Techniques: The children's Tuina differs from the adult Tuina both in the location of the locations of success and in the grip techniques. The basic techniques of Tuina: pressing, pushing, kneading, rubbing and gripping pinching are performed more gently. There are also over 200 special acupuncture points - tèdìng xuéwèi - 特定 穴位 , which are also known as "regions". Especially the treatment of the hands with the finger regions, which are assigned to certain functional groups, and the palm, which is called bagua , is a specialty of the children's Tuina.

Indications: Infections (with and without fever), cough, headache, digestive disorders, enuresis, restlessness, attention disorders, hyperactivity, fatigue, sleep disorders and crying at night, allergies, muscular torticollis in newborns, sickle feet in newborns

Contraindications: serious clinical pictures and emergencies, tumors, acute injuries, ulcerations of the skin

Indications and contraindications

According to TCM, indications include:

Contraindications are:

literature

  • Han Chaling: Guide Tuina . 3. Edition. Urban & Fischer, Munich 2013, ISBN 978-3-437-56362-1 .
  • W. Sun, A. Kapner: Tuina therapy. Atlas for the treatment of adults and children. Verlag Hippokrates, ISBN 3-7773-1808-6 .
  • Diana Wagner, Agnes Fatrai: Tuina for treatment and self-treatment. Urban & Fischer, Munich 2008, ISBN 978-3-437-57120-6 .
  • Claudia Lorenz: Kindertuina . Bacopa Verlag, 2005, ISBN 978-3-901618-32-1 .
  • Manfred Porkert, John Zhou: Premoprehension. Phainon Editions, Dinkelscherben 1996, ISBN 3-89520-007-7 . (German)
  • Yu Jianhua: Xiao'er tuina xue (小儿 推拿 学). Renmin weisheng chubanshe. (人民 卫生 出版社) - "The Children's Tuina". People's Medical Publishing House . 2005, ISBN 7-117-06834-5 . (Chinese)

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Han (2013)
  2. ↑ a b Yu (2005)