Shore leaf snail
| Shore leaf snail | ||||||||||||
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Bank snail ( Pseudotrichia rubiginosa ) |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Pseudotrichia rubiginosa | ||||||||||||
| ( Rossmässler , 1838) |
The Shore hygromiidae ( Pseudotrichia rubiginosa ), even Hairy hygromiidae (or bank hygromiidae written), is a snail of the family of hygromiidae (Hygromiidae) from the order of terrestrial snails (gastropod).
features
The spherical case measures 4.5 to 5 mm in height and 6 to 8 mm in width. It has 4.5 to 5 arched turns, separated by a flat seam. The outer line of the thread is slightly convex. The mouth is flattened in cross section, elliptical to transverse ovoid. There is no lip on the inside of the mouth rim. The edge of the mouth tapers off sharply and is increasingly turned over from the base to the spindle area. The navel is narrow and is partially covered by the folded edge of the mouth.
The thin-walled and translucent housing is colored pale brown. The surface shows fine, irregular growth stripes and has a matt sheen. Fine, short, almost straight hairs sit on the surface, which in the adult specimens are mostly rubbed off or have fallen out.
The soft body is blackish on the back and becomes lighter on the sides. The foot is light gray, the sole of the foot is lighter. The hermaphroditic genital apparatus has only a very short genital atrium. In the male tract, the spermatic duct is only slightly twisted and enters the epiphallus at a right angle. The flagellum is only slightly shorter than the epiphallus. The epiphallus is significantly longer than the penis and has a kink in the middle, the penis is kinked once shortly after the epiphallus / penis transition. The two legs are connected by muscle fibers. The penile retractor muscle starts in the distal area just before the (penile) kink. In the female tract, the vagina and the free fallopian tube are about the same length. There is only one large, spindle-shaped arrow pouch with a single, relatively large love arrow that attaches to the atrium at the exit of the vagina. At the proximal end of the vagina there are two glandulae mucosae , each branching into two arms. The stem of the spermathec is very long, the bladder rests against the albumin gland.
Similar species
Some populations of Trochulus hispidus have a very similar shell that is difficult to distinguish. However, this species has longer, curved hair and in adults a weak lip is formed on the edge of the mouth. The genus Trochulus is also characterized by the presence of two arrow sacks, each with a love arrow.
Geographical distribution and habitat
The species is very dispersed, its range extends from France ( Dépt. Nord , Nord-Pas-de-Calais region ), Belgium, the Netherlands and southern England in the west across Central Europe and Eastern Europe to Siberia and the Far East. The northern limit of distribution is in southern Sweden (Gotland, Öland), southern Finland and southern England. In the south, the distribution limit lies in Kyrgyzstan , Uzbekistan and the North Caucasus, in Europe in Bulgaria and northern Italy. In southwest Bulgaria it occurs up to about 900 m above sea level.
The species prefers extremely moist or wet biotopes such as floodplains, moist forests, swamps, moist meadows and other moist locations along bodies of water.
Way of life and reproduction
The oviposition takes place (according to observations in the breeding) in the months of June, July and August. The round eggs are opaque and milky. They measure 1.2 to 1.6 mm in diameter. Each animal lays two to three clutches, consisting of 2 to 6 eggs, about 10 cm deep in loose soil. The young hatch after about 15 to 19 days. The housing of the hatchlings is brownish yellow. It has 1¼ turns and is 1.2 to 1.4 mm in size. The embryonic casing is smooth, the characteristic hairs only appear on the second treatment. After hatching, the young first eat the egg shell. If these are eaten, the young will eat rotten plant material. The animals, which are still very light at the time of hatching, already have a blackish back with lighter sides and a light sole after four weeks. The casing is now light brown, and the dark patches of mantle shine through the shell. The offspring did not succeed (completely), the animals died by the 8th month at the latest and only grew irregularly and slowly. Therefore no information can be given on the age and reproductive cycle.
Most of the animals live in habitats that are periodically flooded. However, they also need high levels of sunlight. They do not overwinter under leaves or dead wood, but rather buried in mud.
Taxonomy
The taxon was set up as Helix sericea var. Rubiginosa by Emil Adolf Rossmässler as early as 1838 . However, he published the name in the synonymy of Trochulus sericeus (a younger synonym of Trochulus hispidus after Małgorzata Proćków). The taxon was made available by Adolf Schmidt in 1853, who treated Helix rubiginosa as a separate species. Therefore, many authors give Adolf Schmidt as the author of Pseudotrichia rubiginosa . The species is uniformly placed in the more recent literature to the genus Pseudotrichia . However, the genre is cited in the literature with different authors and publication dates. Pseudotrichia was first proposed by Likharev in 1949. However, he did not fix any type species, the taxon is therefore invalid. It was not until 1970 that Schileyko gave a definition of the genus and also determined a type species. Pseudotrichia has therefore only been available since 1970 and with Schileyko as the author.
The species was often confused with Trochulus plebeius (a synonym for Trochulus hispidus after Małgorzata Proćków ), so that evidence of Pseudotrichia rubiginosa actually belongs to the latter species. Evidence for Trochulus plebeius could actually also belong to Pseudotrichia rubiginosa .
Danger
The species is endangered in Germany. According to the IUCN, however, the species is not endangered across the entire range .
supporting documents
literature
- Ewald Frömming: Biology of the Central European Landgastropods. 404 p., Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1954 (in the following abbreviated from Frömming, Landgastropoden with corresponding page number)
- Michael P. Kerney, Robert AD Cameron & Jürgen H. Jungbluth: The land snails of Northern and Central Europe. 384 pp., Paul Parey, Hamburg & Berlin 1983, ISBN 3-490-17918-8 (p. 259, as Perforatella (Pseudotrichia) rubiginosa )
- Francisco W. Welter-Schultes: European non-marine molluscs, a guide for species identification = identification book for European land and freshwater mollusks. A1-A3 S., 679 S., Q1-Q78 S., Göttingen, Planet Poster Ed., 2012 ISBN 3-933922-75-5 , ISBN 978-3-933922-75-5 (hereinafter abbreviated as Welter-Schultes , Identification book with corresponding page number)
- Vollrath Wiese: Germany's land snails. 352 S., Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2014 ISBN 978-3-494-01551-4 (in the following abbreviated, Wiese, Landschnecken, with corresponding page number)
On-line
Individual evidence
- ^ Rosina Fechter and Gerhard Falkner: Molluscs. 287 p., Mosaik-Verlag, Munich 1990 (Steinbach's Nature Guide 10), ISBN 3-570-03414-3 (p. 214)
- ^ Alexandru V. Grossu: Gastropoda Romaniae 4 Ordo Stylommatophora Suprafam: Arionacea, Zonitacea, Ariophantacea şi Helicacea. 564 p., Bucharest 1983 (p. 461/2 as Zenobiella (Zenobiella) rubiginosa ).
- ↑ Anatolij A. Schileyko: Treatise on Recent terrestrial pulmonate molluscs, Part 14 Helicodontidae, Ciliellidae, Hygromiidae. Ruthenica, Supplement 2 (14): 1907-2047, Moscow 2006 ISSN 0136-0027 (publication date corrected in vol. 15, p. 2115) (p. 1963/4)
- ↑ Xavier Cucherat: Pseudotrichia rubiginosa (Pulmonata, Hygromiinae): A snail new to France. Journal of Conchology, 38 (3): 319-324, 2004. Research Gate
- ↑ Barna Páll-Gergely, Kukka Kyrö, Susanna Lehvävirta, Ferenc Vilisics: Green roofs provide habitat for the rare snail (Mollusca, Gastropoda) species Pseudotrichia rubiginosa and Succinella oblonga in Finland. Memoranda Societatis pro Fauna et Flora Fennica, 90, 2014 PDF
- ↑ Frömming, terrestrial gastropods, S. 268/9 (as Monacha rubiginosa )
- ^ Emil Adolf Rossmässler: Iconography of the land and freshwater mollusks, with special consideration of the European species not yet shown. 2nd volume. Issue 7/8, pp. 1–44, Dresden, Leipzig, Arnold, 1838 Online at www.biodiversitylibrary.org, p.3 , fig . 428 .
- ↑ a b Małgorzata Proćków: The genus Trochulus Chemnitz, 1786 (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Hygromiidae) - a taxonomic revision. Folia Malacologica, 17 (3): 101-176, Warsaw 2009 doi : 10.2478 / v10125-009-0013-0
- ^ Adolf Schmidt: Critical remarks on some types of Clausilia and Helix. Journal for the total natural sciences 1 (1): 1-10, 1853 Online at Google Books
- ^ Welter-Schultes, Identification Book, p. 554.
- ↑ Wiese, Landschnecken, p. 279.
- ↑ from Proschwitz, T. 2013. Pseudotrichia rubiginosa. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2013: e.T157119A5039685. doi : 10.2305 / IUCN.UK.2011-1.RLTS.T157119A5039685.en . Retrieved October 4, 2015
Web links
- Pseudotrichia rubiginosa in Fauna Europaea
- MollBase