Ukas 43

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The ukase 43 ( russ. Указ , decree ') was the only during the Second World War as part of their law adopted EU-wide penal provision for war and crimes under international law in the Soviet Union .

Emergence

By decree of November 2, 1942, the Extraordinary State Commission for the Establishment and Investigation of the Crimes of the German Fascist Invaders was set up. On April 19, 1943, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet issued secret ukase 43, which ordered that German, Italian, Romanian, Hungarian and Finnish criminals who committed murder and mistreatment of the civilian population and captured Red Army soldiers, as well as spies and were convicted Traitors to the fatherland among Soviet citizens are to be punished by hanging with the death penalty. For civil helpers from the local population, banishment and forced labor between 15 and 20 years were provided. Thus, even before the Moscow Declaration of the Allies in the Soviet Union, the prosecution of war criminals and collaborators had been regulated in a Union-wide legal regulation.

Intention and application

In Stalin's view, the existing laws for "blood crimes against the peaceful population and captured Red Army soldiers" provided too low sentences. The ukase was initially intended as a Stalinist response to collaboration with the enemy of the Soviet Union. The ukase was first used at the Krasnodar war crimes trial in 1943 and also developed into the most important instrument for punishing German war and occupation crimes . Of the at least 81,780 negotiations under the ukase, only 25,209 were directed against foreigners.

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Manfred Zeidler: Stalin Justice contra Nazi crimes. Hannah Arendt Institute 1996, ISBN 3-931648-08-7 , p. 16 f.
  2. ↑ Andreas Hilger: Let justice take its course . P. 200.