Union of Iranian Communists (Sarbedaran)
The Union of Iranian Communists (Sarbedaran) (UIK (S)) was an Iranian , Maoist organization. The UIK (S) was founded in 1976 as an amalgamation of several Maoist groups. The common goal of these groups was the overthrow of Mohammad Reza Shah . The UIK (S) took the view that Iran was not a capitalist, but a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society. In 2001 the UIK (S) was renamed the Communist Party of Iran (Marxism-Leninism-Maoism) .
Founding history
The Union of Iranian Communists was founded in 1976 after the merger of the Organization of Communist Revolutionaries and the Pooya Group , the successor to the Palestine Group . The name extension Sarbedaran (head on the gallows) was used from 1981 after the members of the UIK had armed themselves and started the armed struggle against the Islamic Republic of Iran from the forests of Northern Iran with a base near Amol .
In addition to the UIK (S), which wanted to bring about the overthrow of Mohammad Reza Shah through military actions at home, the Organization of Communist Revolutionaries (Marxism-Leninism) (OKR (ML)) ( Persian سازمان انقلابیون کمونیست (م-ل)), another Iranian-Maoist group, active as an opposition movement against Mohammad Reza Shah among Iranian students abroad. The OKR (ML) was founded in 1970. Its ideological orientation was directed against the revisionist course of Nikita Sergejewitsch Khrushchev . After the Sino-Soviet rift, the OKR (M_L) took over the ideas of Mao Zedong , in particular the strategy of mobilizing the rural population and the cultural revolution. The OKR (ML) assumed that Maoism was the only possible way to revolutionize Iran. After merging with the Pooya Group to form the Union of Iranian Communists , the UIK (S) supported the side of the People's Republic of China after the Sino-Soviet rift , while the Tudeh party supported the line of the USSR .
After the Islamic Revolution in 1979, the IUK (S), the “Combat Group for the Liberation of the Working Class” and the “Red Struggle” group formed an action alliance. The UIK (S) organized some labor disputes and founded the "Union for the Abadan Workers" and the "Union of Workers' Councils of Gilan". In Kurdistan she set up a guerrilla organization directed against the Islamic Republic of Iran with the name "Tashkilate Pischmargeye Zahmatkeschane Kordestan". Members of the UIK (S) also took part in armed uprisings by the farmers of Torkaman and in protest movements by the Arabic-speaking population in Khuzestan . The UIK (S) also began building the “Society of Militant Women” and the “Revolutionary Mass Organization of Schoolchildren and Students (SETAD)”.
Armed uprising
In 1982 the UIK (S) mobilized its fighters stationed in the forests around Amol and launched an offensive against the Islamic Republic of Iran . The uprising began on January 25, 1982, but was a military failure and many UIK (S) fighters were shot.
After the failed "Amol Uprising", most of the members of the UIK (S) were arrested and executed. In the spring of 1983 the 4th party congress of the UIK (S) was held. In 1984 the UIK (S) became a member of the newly founded “International Revolutionary Movement”, a worldwide association of all Maoist groups. In 1985, the UIK (S) resumed the armed struggle against the Islamic Republic of Iran in Kurdistan , but without being able to achieve any notable success. Ideologically, one also set itself apart from the “Communist Party of Iran”, which was viewed as “reformist”.
In the late 1980s, the strategy of struggle in rural areas and urban riots and the Revolutionary Way was abandoned. The new strategy was now occupy the cities over the villages . Political ideology was from now on reformulated as a synthesis of Marxism , Leninism and Maoism .
renaming
In April 2001 the founding congress of the Communist Party of Iran (Marxism, Leninism, Maoism) took place. The Communist Party of Iran - KPI (MLM) sees itself as the successor to the IUK (S) and is a member of the Revolutionary Internationalist Movement (RIM), the worldwide union of Maoist groups. The Revolutionary Internationalist Movement (RIM) is a communist umbrella organization of Marxism, Leninism and Maoism. The RIM believes that the Maoist strategy of people's war is the most successful path to a Marxist revolution in developing countries. It actively supports the political and armed struggle of Maoist groups.
As an Iranian member of the RIM, the KPI (MLM) publishes the magazine Haghighat ( Persian حقیقت, 'The Truth') and Jahani Baraye Fath ( Persian جهانی برای فتح) to win the Persian edition of RIM magazine One World . In addition to the KPI (MLM), a. the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoism) , the Communist Party of India (Maoism) and the Communist Party of Afghanistan (Maoism) member organizations of the RIM. Some member organizations of the RIM are waging or waging "armed liberation struggle" in their countries, for example the Maoist Communist Party of Turkey in Turkey , the Shining Path in Peru , the Communist Party of the Philippines in the Philippines and the Communist Party of India in India (M ) .
See also
Web links
- KPI (MLM) website, English
- A World to Win magazine of the Committee of the International Revolutionary Movement (RIM)