Urography

Intravenous urogram

Urography or -graphy ( Greek  οὖρον - urine, Greek  γράφω - write), syn. Pyelography ( Greek  Πύελος = [kidney] pelvis), are radiological methods for displaying the lower urinary tract (renal pelvis, ureter and bladder). The recordings produced are also called urogram or pyelogram .

The methods are used to show the morphology , the function of the kidneys and the lower urinary tract, and to determine flow obstructions, such as urinary stones. Urate stones ( uric acid stones ) are X-ray-negative stones, which means that they can not be shown directly in the X-ray image .

In retrograde urography (also retrograde pyelography ), developed by Voelcker and Alexander von Lichtenberg, Heidelberg 1905, and the micturition cystourethrogram , a contrast medium solution is instilled into the hollow system via a urinary catheter . For so-called intravenous urography, also known as excretory urography (first described by Volkmann 1922), approx. 50 ml of an x - ray contrast medium containing iodine are injected into a vein in the arm and the excretion is followed in a series of x-rays of the abdomen and pelvis. Depending on the degree of flow obstruction, this takes between 15 minutes and 24 hours.

X-ray procedures have been pushed back considerably by sonography , computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (MR). In particular, the cross-sectional imaging methods CT and MRT can generate images with a very similar overall impression, but with significantly greater informative value. Sonography and MR urography are radiation-free and are therefore often used in pediatric urology.

Sources and individual references

• R. Hautmann, Hartwig Huland : Urology . Springer DE, January 1, 2006, ISBN 978-3-540-29924-0 , pp. 63–9 (accessed on August 12, 2013).
• Gabriele Benz-Bohm: Pediatric Radiology . Georg Thieme Verlag , 2005, ISBN 978-3-13-107492-8 , pp. 225–39 (accessed on August 12, 2013).
• Jürgen Konert, Holger Georg Dietrich: Illustrated history of urology . Springer DE, 2004, ISBN 978-3-642-18656-1 , pp. 201, 206 (accessed on August 12, 2013).
• Richard Fotter (Ed.): Pediatric Uroradiology , 2nd edition, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg 2008, ISBN 978-3-540-33004-2 , 537 pages.

Web links

• Online textbook of urology: chapter urography with x-ray images

Individual evidence

1. ^ Fritz [sic!] Voelcker and Alexander von Lichtenberg: Pyelography (radiography of the renal pelvis after collargol filling). In: Münchener Medizinische Wochenschrift 52, 1906, p. 105.

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