Urothelial carcinoma

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Classification according to ICD-10
C65 Malignant neoplasm of the renal pelvis
C66 Malignant neoplasm of the ureter
C67.- Malignant neoplasm of the urinary bladder
C68.0 Malignant neoplasm of the urethra
C68.9 Malignant neoplasm of the urinary organ, unspecified
ICD-10 online (WHO version 2019)

As a transitional cell carcinoma , and transitional cell carcinoma or transitional cell called are malignant tumors of the transitional tissue (urothelial) that the draining urine lined paths, respectively. Accordingly, they occur as cancer of the renal pelvis , ureters , urethra and bladder cancer .

Depending on the degree of dedifferentiation, they show a papillary to solid growth pattern.

Etiology and pathogenesis

Urothelial carcinoma of the bladder
Light microscope slide, stained with HE

The age peak is between the ages of 60 and 70, with men being affected twice as often as women. For Germany, around 25,000 new cases and around 6,400 deaths are expected each year. There are around 104,000 new cases and 36,400 deaths per year across the European Community.

The following risk factors could be found epidemiologically:

morphology

More than 90% of urothelial carcinomas are located in the urinary bladder. Like papillomas, they are mainly located on the back or side wall of the bladder. In addition, most tumors grow papillary. If the tumor penetrates the lamina propria , it is called an invasive infiltrating urothelial carcinoma .

metastasis

Metastasis occurs early on via the lymphatic system (lymphatic). Only later does metastasis occur via the blood system (hematogenous), for example in the liver, lungs and bones. In the metastatic state, cisplatin- based chemotherapy is the current standard of therapy. In the event of a relapse after chemotherapy containing cisplatin, the vinca alkaloid vinflunine has been recommended since 2010 .

literature

  • Ursus-Nikolaus Riede, Hans-Eckart Schaefer: General and special pathology. Thieme, Stuttgart 1999, ISBN 3-13-683304-X .
  • Werner Böcker, Helmut Denk, Philipp U. Heitz (Eds.): Repetitorium Pathologie. Elsevier, Munich 2004, ISBN 3-437-43400-4 .

Web links

Commons : Urothelial Carcinoma of the Urinary Bladder  - Collection of Pictures, Videos and Audio Files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Alphabetical index to the ICD-10-WHO version 2019, volume 3. German Institute for Medical Documentation and Information (DIMDI), Cologne, 2019, p. 917
  2. ↑ H. Bünte, K. Bünte: The spectrum of medicine. Schattauer Verlag, 2004, ISBN 3-7945-2374-1 , p. 434. Restricted preview in the Google book search
  3. ↑ J. Ferlay, F. Bray, P. Pisani, DM Parkin: GLOBOCAN 2002: Cancer Incidence. Mortality and Prevalence Worldwide, IARC CancerBase No. 5, version 2 . IARC Press, Lyon 2004.
  4. ↑ a b H. Bankl (Ed.): Workbook Pathology. Volume 2 + 3. Facultas Verlag, 2000, ISBN 3-85076-536-9 , p. 344. Limited preview in the Google book search
  5. ^ A. Stenzl (Chairman), NC Cowan, M. De Santis, M. Kuczyk, AS Merseburger, MJ Ribal, A. Sherif, JA Witjes: EAU Guidelines on Bladder Cancer - Muscle-invasive and Metastatic. (PDF; 299 kB) 2010, accessed on June 19, 2011 (English, Guidelines of the European Association of Urology 2010).