Versement transport

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The Versement transport (VT) is a transportation tax that municipalities or municipal associations in France earmarked to finance the local public transport (public transport) can collect from employers. The money raised can be used for ongoing operations as well as for investments.

The transport tax was first levied in Paris in 1971 . 1973 all metropolitan areas with more than 300,000 inhabitants were included. Until 1992, the scope was gradually extended to all municipalities with more than 20,000 inhabitants. The legal background to the tax was the consideration that some of the costs resulting from the improvement of local public transport should be borne by the beneficiaries. Employers were used here, as they are more easily accessible for customers and employees, they have to build fewer parking spaces and can save investments for branches. All employers with more than nine employees are subject to tax , whereby the versement transport is based on the wage bill. In 2010, different maximum rates applied depending on the metropolitan area:

  • In Île-de-France , the Paris region, the maximum rate is between 2.6% in the city of Paris and 1.4% in the outer departments .
  • In metropolitan areas with more than 100,000 inhabitants, the transport tax can be levied up to a level of 1.00%. If local transport is offered on its own routes in these urban regions or if the construction of such a system is planned, the maximum rate is 1.75%. Rail-bound systems such as the metro , Véhicule automatique léger (VAL) and trams , but also bus companies with lane buses such as the Tramway de Nancy are considered separate routes .
  • In agglomerations with 50,000 to 100,000 inhabitants, versement transport can be up to 0.55% (0.85% for local transport on separate lines).
  • In areas with 10,000 to 50,000 inhabitants, up to 0.55% can be charged.

Surcharges are possible in municipal associations (0.05%) and in places with a state-classified tourism function (0.20%).

The municipalities or municipal associations decide whether a transport tax is levied and determine the exact amount. In 1995 90% of the 190 authorized municipal associations levied the transport tax. In 1994, gross receipts in France as a whole were 2.8 billion euros; In 2001 revenues rose to just over four billion euros; In 2010 around 6.2 billion euros were raised. About half of the income came from the Paris region. As a rule, the maximum rates are used. Since the 1980s, new tram systems have been built using the maximum rates in numerous French metropolitan areas, for example in Grenoble , Strasbourg and Montpellier .

In contrast to the German Municipal Transport Financing Act (GVFG), the income from Versement Transport can be used to invest in the route network and vehicles as well as to subsidize ongoing operations. The latter enables, for example, the compression of cycle times without the additional costs having to be fully covered by the fare income. In 2010, 44.2% of the expenditures for urban transport were financed through the versement transport . This made the tax the most important financial instrument in public transport in France.

See also

literature

  • Christoph Groneck : French planning models for tram systems compared to Germany . Dissertation, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal 2007. ( Digitized , PDF file, 5.1 MB)

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Christoph Groneck: High quality public transport in France. In: Stadtverkehr 12/2012, pp. 46–49, here p. 49.