Distribution time

Distribution times are time components of target times that are required to cover organizational imperfections and to meet human needs (eating, drinking, private activities, etc.). If this share is given in percent, it is also referred to as the distribution time percentage .

definition

The definition of the REFA Association is

“The distribution time consists of the sum of the target times of all process sections, which are required in addition to the scheduled execution of a process by people; it refers to the unit of measure 1 " ${\displaystyle t_{v}}$

- REFA

In practice, the distribution time is divided into two parts ${\displaystyle t_{v}}$

${\displaystyle t_{s}}$ Factual distribution time and

${\displaystyle t_{p}}$ Personal distribution time so that

${\displaystyle t_{v}=t_{s}+t_{p}}$

The factual distribution time contains the target times for factual activities that arise in addition to the actual work task. A distinction is made again between a factually constant distribution time ( ) and an objectively variable distribution time ( ). This is independent of the order and takes into account shift or week-constant sequence sections with the sequence types “additional activity” and “interruption due to faults ”. ${\displaystyle V_{sk}}$ ${\displaystyle V_{sv}}$ ${\displaystyle V_{sk}}$

The interruption of work and additional work is also about disruption . However, the process sections occurring during order-related activities must be taken into account here. ${\displaystyle V_{sv}}$

The personal distribution time includes all times for a personal interruption of the activity, for example to drink or visit the toilet. ${\displaystyle V_{p}}$

As part of a distribution time recording , times to be coded with N (not to be used) are also observed, which include additional activities caused by the worker or arbitrary personal interruptions. Furthermore, occasionally occurring times F for additional activities or malfunctions, which due to their duration lead to "Out of use", can be observed.

Use of distribution times

Distribution times are usually added to the time per unit as a surcharge, i.e. by adding a specified percentage. In many cases it has become common practice not to determine the distribution time surcharges by means of complex distribution time studies, but rather to negotiate them among the parties to the collective bargaining agreement. It should be noted that the surcharge values ​​can vary considerably depending on the industry.

Determination of distribution times

Three methods are recommended for the empirical determination of distribution times:

• Distribution time recording (long-term recording)
• Distribution time recording as split recording according to a random plan
• Multi-moment study

A distribution time recording is a general time study in which the process sections are separated according to the structure. If continuous observation is not possible for various reasons, then such a time recording can also be carried out discontinuously according to a random plan. Here, the integrity of the data must be ensured through appropriate random planning. The third method proposed is the multi-snapshot, in which the observations are made during the randomly controlled tours and recorded separately according to distribution times and other processes.

literature

• Poeschel, Frank: Distribution time . In: Landau, Kurt (Hrsg.): Lexicon of work design: Best practice in the work process . Stuttgart: Genter, 2007. - ISBN 978-3-87247-655-5 . P. 1292.
• REFA - Association for Work Studies and Business Organization e. V. (Hrsg.): Methodology of work studies: Volume 2 - data determination . Carl Hanser Verlag: Munich, 1978. - ISBN 3-446-12704-6 .

swell

1. ↑ REFA - Association for Work Studies and Business Organization e. V. (Hrsg.): Methodology of work studies: Volume 2 - data determination . Carl Hanser Verlag: Munich, 1978. - ISBN 3-446-12704-6 . Page 50
2. ↑ REFA Association for Work Studies and Business Organization e. V. (Hrsg.): Methodology of the company organization: Lexicon of the company organization . Munich: Carl-Hanser, 1993. - ISBN 3-446-17523-7 . Page 192–194
3. ↑ ^{a b c d} Herbert Schnauber (2013) Ergonomics ; Springer-Verlag; ISBN 9783322853875 .