Treaty of Capdepera
In the Treaty of Capdepera , which was concluded on June 17, 1231 between Jacob I of Aragon and the Almohad Qādī of Menorca Abu Abd Allah Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Hisham , the submission of the Muslim island state to the sovereignty of the Crown of Aragon is recorded.
prehistory
After the conquest of Mallorca with the capture of the capital Mādina Mayūrqa on December 30, 1229, James I had huge fires kindled on the northeast coast opposite Menorca in order to simulate the presence of a huge army and thus intimidate the Islamic Menorcans and allow them to come to the negotiating table to force. After the last Muslim resistance on Mallorca was finally broken in 1231, James I then sent three ambassadors - Berenguer de Santa Eugenia , Don Assalit de Gudar and Don Pere Maça - to Menorca to negotiate its submission to the Crown of Aragon .
contract
In the Treaty of Capdepera, which was written in medieval Latin and named after the cape of Capdepera on Mallorca , the Almohadenq ādī on Menorca recognized the sovereignty of the Catalan-Aragonese king, who in return gave him largely political autonomy, a guarantee of military protection as well free practice of religion promised. However, this guarantee of protection was linked to an annual tribute payment from Menorca, which amounted to over 3,000 bushels of wheat, 100 cows and 500 goats or sheep, later two quintals of fresh butter and 200 gold coins ( Byzantines ) were added for the transport of cattle.
The conclusion of the contract was preceded by a meeting between the Qādī, Abu Uthman Said ibn Hakam al-Quraschi , the sheikhs and three hundred other influential people on Menorca, in which an agreement was reached to assume vassal status to the new king of Mallorca. The actual driving force behind the contract with James I is said to have been Abu Uthman, although this cannot be inferred from the text.
Abu Abd Allah Muhammad was then overthrown from his throne in 1234 by Abu Uthman, who immediately declared himself Raʾīs , but continued to fulfill the terms of the contract. The annual tribute payments went to James II after the death of James I in 1276 and only ended with the conquest of Menorca in 1287.
The treaty has similarities with a Muslim Ahd , but with swapped partners and the Muslim as the inferior party.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Bolòs, Jordi: Diccionari de la Catalunya medieval (see VI-XV) . Edicions 62, Collecció El Cangur / Diccionaris, núm. 284, Barcelona 2000, ISBN 84-297-4706-0 .
literature
- Treaty of Capdepera - from the virtual archive - James I (in Latin)