Expulsion of the Hindus from Kashmir

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The expulsion of Hindus from Kashmir began when, on January 20, 1990, most of the Hindu families in the Kashmir Valley were forced to flee due to terrorist attacks. It is estimated that over 100,000 Hindus have fled Kashmir.

Over 60,000 families are registered as Kashmiri refugees in India. Most of the families were settled in Jammu and other Indian areas; many fled to Delhi .

history

As early as the 15th century, non-Muslims in Kashmir were partially discriminated against and persecuted, especially during the reign of Sikandar Butshikan (1394–1417).

In 1984 the politician Ghulam Mohammad Shah decided to build a large mosque, the Shah Masjid, on the site of an old Hindu temple in Jammu. This decision sparked protests in Jammu, and Ghulam subsequently claimed that Islam was in danger. As a result, Kashmiri Hindus were attacked by Muslims, there were incidents in which Hindus were killed and Hindu temples were destroyed. In Vanpoh, Lukbhavan, Anantnag, Salar and Fatehpur, Muslim mobs looted or destroyed temples and houses of the Hindus. Many Hindus left the Kashmir Valley because of this situation.

In 1988 the ' Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front' started a separatist uprising for the independence of Kashmir from India. On September 14, 1989, the Hindu Tika Lal Taploo, a lawyer and prominent politician of the Bharatiya Janata Party , was killed in Kashmir. The Hindus began to realize that they were not safe in the Kashmir Valley. Many other Kashmiri Indus were killed by Islamists , including many celebrities. On January 4, 1990, the local Urdu newspaper, Aftab , published a Hizbul Mujahideen press release urging all pandits to leave the Kashmir Valley immediately. Another local newspaper, Al Safa , repeated the invitation, and hate speech in mosques became frequent. On January 19, 1990, the situation escalated. Thousands of incited Muslims began to chant anti-Indian, anti-Hindu and anti-Sikh slogans such as Ralive, Tsaliv ya Galive ("convert to Islam, disappear or die") in the streets .

Kashmirihindus continue to fight for their return to the Kashmir Valley and many of them still live as refugees. Most of the refugees have not returned because the situation in the valley is still unstable and they fear for their lives. Many of them lost their belongings after escaping.

literature

  • Koul, ML (1994). Kashmir, past and present: Unraveling the mystique. New Delhi: Manav Publications and Sehyog Prakashan.
  • Sahagala, N. (1994). Converted Kashmir: Memorial of mistakes . Delhi: Utpal Publications.
  • Koul, ML (1999). Kashmir, wail of a valley. Delhi: Gyan Sagar Publications.
  • Koul, ML (1999). Kashmir, wail of a valley. Delhi: Gyan Sagar Publications.
  • Madhok, B. (1992). Kashmir: The storm center of the world. Houston, Tex: A. Ghosh.
  • Muḥammad, AK, & Pandit, KN (2009). A Muslim missionary in mediaeval Kashmir: Being the English translation of Tohfatu'l-ahbab. New Delhi: Voice of India.
  • Narender Sehgal: Converted Kashmir
  • Pandit TN Kashmiri Pandits: A Contemporary Perspective
  • Raina, DN (1996). Kashmir - distortions and reality. New Delhi: Reliance Pub. House.
  • Pandit, KN (2013). Baharistan-i-shahi: A chronicle of mediaeval Kashmir. Srinagar: Gulshan Books.
  • Teng, MK (2002). Kashmir, Article 370. New Delhi: Anmol Publications.
  • Teng, MK, Gadoo, CL, & Joint Human Rights-Committee for Minorities in Kashmir. (1996). White paper on Kashmir. Jammu: Joint Human Rights Committee for Minorities in Kashmir.
  • Toshakhānī, S., Kaul, BL, & Raina, ML (1990). Kashmir: The crisis in perspective. Gurgaon, Haryana: Indian Research Institute for Kashmir Affairs.
  • Bose, Sumantra (1997), The challenge in Kashmir: democracy, self-determination, and a just peace, New Delhi: Sage Publications, in association with The Book Review Literary Trust, ISBN 978-0-8039-9350-1
  • Metcalf, Barbara; Metcalf, Thomas R. (2006), A Concise History of Modern India (Cambridge Concise Histories), Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press. Pp. Xxxiii, 372, ISBN 0-521-68225-8 .
  • Rai, Mridu (2004), Hindu Rulers, Muslim Subjects: Islam, Rights, and the History of Kashmir, Princeton University Press / Permanent Black. Pp. Xii, 335., ISBN 81-7824-202-8

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Kashmir: Outrage over settlements for displaced Hindus. BBC News, June 15, 2016, accessed May 27, 2017 .
  2. ^ Bose, Sumantra (1997), The challenge in Kashmir: democracy, self-determination, and a just peace, New Delhi: Sage Publications, in association with The Book Review Literary Trust, ISBN 978-0-8039-9350-1
  3. ↑ Metcalf, Barbara; Metcalf, Thomas R. (2006), A Concise History of Modern India (Cambridge Concise Histories), Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press. Pp. Xxxiii, 372, ISBN 0-521-68225-8 .
  4. ↑ Rai, Mridu (2004), Hindu Rulers, Muslim Subjects: Islam, Rights, and the History of Kashmir, Princeton University Press / Permanent Black. Pp. Xii, 335., ISBN 81-7824-202-8
  5. ↑ KS Lal (1993). Indian Muslims: Who are they. New Delhi: Voice of India.
  6. ↑ Colonel Tej K Tikoo: Kashmir: Its Aboriginies and Their Exodus . Lancer Publishers, Atlanta 2012, ISBN 978-1-935501-58-9 , pp. 394–401 (English, limited preview in Google Book Search).
  7. ↑ Shreya Biswas: Exodus of Kashmiri Pandits: What happened on January 19, 26 years ago? indiatoday.in, January 19, 2016, accessed on May 27, 2017 .
  8. ^ Col (Dr) Tej Kumar Tikoo: Kashmiri Pandits offered three choices by Radical Islamists. indiandefencereview.com, January 9, 2015, accessed May 27, 2017 .
  9. ↑ http://www.rediff.com/news/2005/jan/19kanch.htm
  10. ↑ KPS Gill: The Kashmiri Pandits: An Ethnic Cleansing the World Forgot. South Asia Terrorism Portal (SATP), accessed May 27, 2017 .
  11. ↑ Zubair Ahmed: Kashmiri Hindus: Driven out and insignificant. BBC, April 6, 2016, accessed May 27, 2017 .
  12. ↑ Sandeep Bamzai: disequilibrium: Remembering the Pandit stampede. Daily mail, January 18, 2015, accessed May 27, 2017 .