Villa Rustica (Niederndorf)
The villa rustica in Niederndorf is located on a southern slope with excellent loess soils in the area between Moosburg and the walls . The Mauerner Bach flows past about 300 meters below the villa . A spring is located directly behind the remains of the building and was probably used to supply drinking water and feed the bathhouse.
Find
Aerial photos of the parcel in question indicated that a villa rustica rests in the ground here . In 1986 field inspections were made and many Roman finds came to light, including stones that suggested rectangular structures. Since the remains of the building were threatened, a rescue excavation was carried out in the spring of 1987, which was approved by the Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation in Munich and carried out by volunteers under the leadership of Anne and Erwin Neumair.
Farm buildings
The first building revealed was identified as a farm building. Either there was a grain kiln or it was a disproportionately small residential building. In the basement area there was a rare deposit of iron objects such as doorknobs, which points to an attack by other peoples who deposited their loot here but no longer picked it up.
Bathhouse
The bathing building with external dimensions of 8.30 × 7.50 meters was located about 25 meters away. The bath is one of the smallest known Roman thermal baths , but has all the rooms required for a Roman bathing process: changing room ( apodyterium ), cold bath ( frigidarium ) with tub and heated lukewarm ( tepidarium ) and warm bath ( caldarium ) with one basin in each Apse niches.
Temporal allocation
Based on the finds and the findings, the villa rustica was probably not built before the middle of the 2nd century AD. The soil creditworthiness, the location on the southern slope and the good water supply offered ideal conditions for the manor. The Alemanni storm of the 3rd century, in connection with which the iron deposition is seen, the Court has, however, certainly not survived.
Monument protection
The ancient buildings are ground monuments according to the Bavarian Monument Protection Act (BayDSchG). Investigations and targeted collection of finds are subject to approval, and accidental finds are reported to the monument authorities.
literature
- Peter Fasold : Two buildings of a Roman farm near Mauern-Niederndorf, Freising district, Upper Bavaria . In: The Archaeological Year in Bavaria 1987 . Theiss, Stuttgart 1988, ISBN 3-8062-0562-0 , pp. 137f.
- Erwin Neumair: In the footsteps of our ancestors. Archeology in the Freising district. OV, Freising 1987, no ISBN.
Web links
Coordinates: 48 ° 30 '18.8 " N , 11 ° 55' 6.5" E