Vilma Hugonnai

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Vilma Hugonnai (around 1890)

Countess Vilma Hugonnai (born September 30, 1847 in Nagytétény ( German Großteting ), Austria-Hungary , † March 25, 1922 in Budapest ) was the first Hungarian female doctor and a champion for women's rights .

Life

Vilma Hugonnai was the fifth child of Count Kálmán Hugonnai von Szent-Györgyi and his wife Riza Panczély. As a girl, she was unable to attend secondary schools in Hungary. She received her education from private tutors and from attending an institute. At the age of 18 she married the landowner György Szilassy; the couple had three sons.

In 1872 Szilassy gave her the necessary approval to study medicine at the University of Zurich , but she had to pay for the costs and living expenses herself. Hugonnai received his doctorate in February 1879 and worked at the surgical clinic of the university and for a year in a foundation hospital. When she returned to Hungary in 1880, however, she was not allowed to practice as a doctor. In March 1881 she passed the Matura required for Hungarian university studies . In May 1882, the Minister of Religion and Education refused to recognize her medical certificate. Hugonnai passed the midwifery exam and worked as an obstetrician. After her divorce, she had to support her family.

Her second husband was the university professor Vince Wartha (1844–1914; 1899–1909 President of the Royal Hungarian Society for Natural Sciences) in 1887 . The daughter Vilma was born in 1888. At the request of her husband, Hugonnai gave up practical work.

Vilma Hugonnai (1900)
Grave of Vilma Hugonnai and Vince Wartha

Hugonnai, however, continued to seek recognition of their exams. After women were granted university entrance qualifications in Hungary in 1895, she received her license to practice medicine in May 1897. Until 1913, women doctors in Hungary were only allowed to work “under the supervision” of a male colleague. At the age of 67 Hugonnai completed a military medical training in August 1914 and worked as chief physician ( chief esse) at the war hospital in the technical university. A year later on received a war memorial medal. A year later Mrs. Vinzenz Wartha was born. Countess Dr. Hugonnay with the award of the 2nd award . Class awarded the war decoration by the Red Cross .

Vilma Hugonnai died on March 25, 1922 at the age of 74. Her grave is in the Kerepesi cemetery (Kerepesi temető) in Budapest.

Honors and reception

Schools were named after Hugonnai, there are monuments and a plaque on their last domicile in Budapest (VIII., Bíró Lajos utca 41).

Fonts

  • The first hundred croup operations in Zurich contributed to the statistics.
  • A nők munkaköre.
  • A nő mint háziorvos az egészség ápolásának kézikönyve. Translation by: Anna Fischer-Dückelmann : The woman as a family doctor.
  • A nőmozgalom Magyarországon.
  • A szaglás az egészség őre.
  • A ʺMűvelt Nők Otthonaʺ jótékony egyesület története.
  • Egészségtani előadások nők számára.
  • Új tetűírtó eljárás.

literature

  • Erzsébet Kertész : Vilma doktorasszony. Az első magyar orvosnő életregénye. Budapest 1965, 1998.
  • Iván Völgyes, Nancy Völgyes: The liberated female. Life, work, and sex in socialist Hungary. Westview Press 1977. p. 9.

Web links

Commons : Vilma Hugonnai  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Notes and individual references

  1. ↑ Today Budapest, part of the XXII. District.
  2. ↑ Original text of the kuk. Certificate, Vienna August 17, 1915.
personal data
SURNAME Hugonnai, Vilma
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Vilma Hugonnai; Vilma Jozefa Laura Ilka Hugonnai (in that order); Szilassy-Hugonnay, Countess Vilma; Wartha, Vincene (married name); Hugonnay, Wilma; Wartha, Mrs. Vinzenz (German names)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Hungarian doctor
DATE OF BIRTH September 30, 1847
PLACE OF BIRTH Nagytétény ( Budapest , XXII. District), Austria-Hungary
DATE OF DEATH March 25, 1922
Place of death Budapest