Voges-Proskauer reaction

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With the Voges-Proskauer reaction , bacterial cultures are tested for the formation of acetoin (3-hydroxy-2-butanone, acetylmethylcarbinol), which in an alkaline environment with creatine (contained in the peptone of the nutrient medium or as an additive after incubation) is intensified causes a red coloration by α-naphthol . This test is used to differentiate and identify bacteria, especially Enterobacteriaceae, and is a component of the so-called IMViC reactions, which allow extensive differentiation as part of the so-called colorful series or in the form of commercial test systems such as the Analytical Profile Index .

Cosenzaea myxofaciens ( classified as Proteus myxofaciens until 2011 ) with negative results in the VP test.
Enterobacter cloacae with positive result in the VP test.

The Enterobacteriaceae can be divided into two groups with regard to their fermentation products. That is, for one of the Escherichia coli type, predominantly various organic acids from glucose forms - in the mixed acid fermentation - and on the other of the Enterobacter -type of glucose in the 2,3-Butandiolgärung especially butanediol (and acetoin as Intermediate product) as well as gas (CO 2 and H 2 ) forms, but only a little acid. The formation of acid is detected with the methyl red test (also called MR test), while the formation of acetoin as a precursor of 2,3-butanediol can be demonstrated in the Voges-Proskauer test (also abbreviated as VP test).

For example, the bacteria of the genera Enterobacter , Klebsiella and Serratia in the 2,3-Butandiolgärung of glucose 2,3-butanediol and acetoin as an intermediate. With them, the Voges-Proskauer reaction is positive. They are in contrast to other genera of the Enterobacteriaceae , such as. B. Escherichia , Proteus , Citrobacter , Salmonella and Shigella , which do not form acetoin and for which the Voges-Proskauer reaction is therefore negative. It should be noted that this is a rough categorization; individual species of a genus may show different results. When identifying at species level with the help of miniaturized test systems, a percentage table, for example, is used as an aid in the evaluation, which indicates the percentage of the tested representatives of a species for which a certain reaction was positive or negative.

literature

  • Otto Voges , Bernhard Proskauer : Contribution to nutritional physiology and the differential diagnosis of the bacteria of hemorrhagic septicemia. In: Journal of Hygiene and Infectious Diseases. Vol. 28 (1898), Issue 1, pp. 20-32, doi : 10.1007 / BF02285362 .
  • Max Levine: On the Significance of the Voges-Proskauer Reaction. In: Journal of Bacteriology. Vol. 1 (1916), No. 2, pp. 153-164, PMID 16558690 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Roland Süßmuth, Jürgen Eberspächer, Rainer Haag, Wolfgang Springer: Biochemical-microbiological internship. 1st edition. Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart / New York 1987, ISBN 3-13-685901-4 .
  2. ↑ a b c Hans G. Schlegel: General microbiology. 7th edition. Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart / New York 1992, ISBN 3-13-444607-3 .
  3. ↑ a b Michael T. Madigan, John M. Martinko, Jack Parker: Brock Mikrobiologie. German translation edited by Werner Goebel, 1st edition. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag GmbH, Heidelberg / Berlin 2000, ISBN 978-3-8274-0566-1 .