Escherichia
| Escherichia | ||||||||||||
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Escherichia coli by secondary electron microscope |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Escherichia | ||||||||||||
| Castellani & Chalmers 1919 |
Escherichia is a genus of gram-negative rod- shaped bacteria of the Enterobacteriaceae familywith active movement ( peritrich flagellated) or without flagellated without active movement. The genus was named after the German pediatrician Theodor Escherich . The genus Escherichia is oxidase-negative and, in contrast to the very similar genus Enterobacter ,shows itself to be negative in the Voges-Proskauer reaction . The most important representative is Escherichia coli .
metabolism
The members of the genus Escherichia are chemoorganotroph , i. In other words, they break down organic substances to generate energy. They are facultatively anaerobic : if oxygen is present, they have an oxidative energy metabolism , they oxidize the organic substances to carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and water; if no oxygen is available, i.e. under anoxic conditions, they use mixed acid fermentation as an energy metabolic pathway, with large amounts of acids ( acetic acid , lactic acid and succinic acid ) being produced as end products.
Other genera of the Enterobacteriaceae family , such as B. Enterobacter , use the 2,3-butanediol fermentation for energy production under anoxic conditions . The end products here are mainly the alcohol 2,3-butanediol and CO 2 in large amounts , and only small amounts u. a. different acids. The 2,3-butanediol fermentation is proven by the Voges-Proskauer test for acetoin , an intermediate product of this fermentation. This test is used to differentiate butanol fermentation from mixed acid fermentation and thus to differentiate Enterobacteriaceae.
species
- E. albertii Huys et al. 2003
- E. Blattae Burgess et al. 1973
- E. coli (Migula 1895) Castellani & Chalmers 1919
- E. fergusonii Farmer et al. 1985
- E. Hermannii Brenner et al. 1983
- E. senegalensis
- E. vulneris Brenner et al. 1983
- E. sp. (Various)
Web links
swell
- Pschyrembel Clinical Dictionary , 256th edition. De Gruyter, Berlin 1990, ISBN 3-11-010881-X
- Hans G. Schlegel: General Microbiology ; Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart 1992, ISBN 3-13-444607-3
- Georg Fuchs [ed.]: General microbiology , founded by Hans Günter Schlegel . 8th edition. Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, New York 2007, ISBN 978-3-13-444608-1