Gammaproteobacteria

Gammaproteobacteria
Colonies of Haemophilus influenzae (order Pasteurellales ) in a blood agar
Systematics
Classification : Creature Domain : Bacteria (bacteria) Department : Proteobacteria Class : Gammaproteobacteria
Scientific name
Gammaproteobacteria
Garrity et al. 2005 emend. Williams and Kelly 2013

Gammaproteobacteria (also γ-Proteobacteria) refers to a class in the phylogenetic system of bacteria , which was established on the basis of the base sequence of the ribosomal 16S ribonucleic acid ( 16S rRNA ) and other phylogenetic methods. The phylum (the strain) Proteobacteria is divided into the five classes Alphaproteobacteria to Epsilonproteobacteria (status 2005). In the last few years three other classes have been described (as of 2019), the " Zetaproteobacteria ", Acidithiobacillia and Oligoflexia . All representatives of this tribe are gram-negative .

Systematics

The following orders belong to the Gammaproteobacteria (as of 2019)

• Acidiferrobacterales
• Aeromonadales
• Alteromonadales
• Arenicellales
• Cardiobacteriales
• Cell vibrionales
• Chromatiales
• Enterobacterales
• Immundisolibacterales
• Legionella
• Lysobacterales
• Methylococcales
• Nevskiales
• Oceanospirillales
• Orbales
• Pasteurellales
• Pseudomonadales
• Thiotrichales
• “ Vibrionales ” and numerous isolates that have not yet been classified with certainty.

The article Systematics of Bacteria is a reference in Wikipedia and contains a larger selection of taxa in the class Gammaproteobacteria.

Some changes in the system

The order Xanthomonadales was dissolved, the various genera were assigned to other orders (including the order Lysobacterales ) or are not yet being delivered to a more precise order. The order Acidithiobacillales was transferred to the newly created class Acidithiobacillia in 2013. In 2016, the order Enterobacterales ( Enterobacteria ) was established, previously the name “Enterobacteriales” was used for this group of bacteria, but this was not valid according to the rules of the Bacteriological Code (ICBN). Furthermore, there was only one family - the Enterobacteriaceae - within the order. With the establishment of the Enterobacterales order, the previously known taxa are divided into several new families.

Characteristics and some representatives

The Gammaproteobacteria currently form the most species-rich class of Proteobacteria. Physiologically, they are extraordinarily diverse and combine a large number of very different metabolic types. At the same time, many species are physiologically flexible and adaptable. The genera Legionella , Pseudomonas , Vibrio , Salmonella and Shigella are important pathogens in humans, animals and plants.

Important representatives can be found in the genera Chromatium , Xanthomonas , Beggiatoa , Legionella , Pseudomonas , Azotobacter and Vibrio as well as in the order Enterobacterales with the genera Enterobacter , Escherichia Proteus , Salmonella , Serratia , Shigella , Yersinia (and others).

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literature

• Volume 6: Proteobacteria: Gamma Subclass . In: Martin Dworkin , Stanley Falkow , Eugene Rosenberg , Karl-Heinz Schleifer , Erko Stackebrandt (eds.): The Prokaryotes. A Handbook on the Biology of Bacteria (7 volumes) . 3. Edition. Springer-Verlag, New York 2006, ISBN 0-387-30746-X , doi : 10.1007 / 0-387-30746-X_9 .
• George M. Garrity , Don J. Brenner , Noel R. Krieg, James T. Staley (Eds.): Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology: Volume 2: The Proteobacteria, Part B: The Gammaproteobacteria . 2nd Edition. Springer-Verlag, New York 2005, ISBN 978-0-387-95040-2 , doi : 10.1007 / 0-387-28022-7 .

Individual evidence

1. ^ Jean Euzéby, Aidan C. Parte: Classification of domains and phyla - Hierarchical classification of prokaryotes (bacteria). In: List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature, Systematics of Bacteria (LPSN) . Retrieved December 21, 2019 . 
2. ↑ KP Williams, DP Kelly: Proposal for a new class within the phylum Proteobacteria, Acidithiobacillia classis nov., With the type order Acidithiobacillales, and emended description of the class Gammaproteobacteria . In: International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology . No. 63 , August 2013, p. 2901-2906 , doi : 10.1099 / ijs.0.049270-0 .
3. ↑ M. Adeolu, S. Alnajar, S. Naushad, RS Gupta: Genome-based phylogeny and taxonomy of the 'Enterobacteriales': proposal for Enterobacterales ord. nov. divided into the families Enterobacteriaceae, Erwiniaceae fam. nov., Pectobacteriaceae fam. nov., Yersiniaceae fam. nov., Hafniaceae fam. nov., Morganellaceae fam. nov., and Budviciaceae fam. nov. In: International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. No. 66 , December 2016, p. 5575-5599 , doi : 10.1099 / ijsem.0.001485 .

Web links

Commons : Gammaproteobacteria  - collection of images, videos and audio files

 Wikispecies: Gammaproteobacteria  - Species Directory