Pocket tape

2 = pocket ligament (plica vestibularis) ; 1 = vocal cord ( plica vocalis ); 3 = epiglottis ( epiglottis ) 4 = aryepiglottic folds 5 = tubercle corniculatum, including the corniculate cartilages, on the cartilage arytenoidea aussitzend; small protrusion between 4 and 5 cuneiform tuberosities, including the cuneiform cartilage

Pocket cords (plicae vestibulares), also called pocket folds, pocket flaps, vestibule folds, false vocal cords or false vocal folds , lie in the larynx just above the "true" vocal cords. They are protruding, horizontally superimposed pairs of folds that sit over the vocal folds.

They serve to hold your breath , to clear your throat and are increasingly used as an effect-giving organ during growling ; mostly in collaboration with the correct vocal folds. They are also used in the so-called Kargyraa in Central Asian throat singing .

The concept of the pocket fold voice as an expression of hyperkinetic dysphonia is understood to mean a changed articulation of the human voice due to the extreme compression of the pocket folds. The symptoms are a very hoarse, compressed voice.

In dogs, horses and pigs, the pocket band forms the front limit of access to the larynx pocket . In some mammals, larger protuberances are possible above the vocal folds (plicae vocales) ; these are called ventriculus morgagnii or also ventriculus laryngis . In humans there is the laryngocele as a pathological protuberance .

Section through the larynx of a horse * 1 hyoid bone * 2 epiglottis * 3 vestibular folds (plica vestibularis) * 4 vocal folds (plica vocalis) * 5 ventricularis muscle * 6 lateral laryngeal pocket (ventriculus laryngis) * 7 vocalis muscle * 8 thyroid cartilage * 9 Cricoid cartilage * 10 infraglottic cavity * 11 first tracheal cartilage * 12 trachea

Especially in the odd-toed ungulate , they can take on larger proportions. In the cranial direction , these protuberances are limited by the pocket ligaments (plicae vestibulares). Such bulges act as resonators. In some species of apes, such as the howler monkey and the orangutan , these sacs , ventriculi morgagnii , have evolved into so-called throat sacs.

literature

• Franz-Viktor Salomon, Hans Geyer, Uwe Gille (ed.): Anatomy for veterinary medicine. 2nd, revised and expanded edition. Enke, Stuttgart 2008, ISBN 978-3-8304-1075-1 .

Web links

• Uni Mainz - Development of pocket folds in the embryo

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Helmut Ferner , Jochen Staustesand: Sobotta. Atlas of Human Anatomy. Volume 1: head, neck, upper extremities. 18th, revised edition. Urban & Schwarzenberg, Munich et al. 1982, ISBN 3-541-02818-1 , p. 206 ff.
2. ^ Walter Becker, Hans Heinz Naumann, Carl R. Pfaltz: Ear, Nose and Throat Medicine. Short textbook with atlas part. 3rd, revised edition. Georg Thieme, Stuttgart et al. 1986, ISBN 3-13-583003-9 , p. 558.
3. ^ Lothar fights , Rolf Kittel, Johannes Klapperstück: Guide to the anatomy of vertebrates. 4th, revised edition. Gustav Fischer, Stuttgart et al. 1980, ISBN 3-437-20243-X , pp. 144-145.