Worldwide harmonized light vehicles test procedure

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The Worldwide harmonized Light vehicles Test Procedure (abbreviated WLTP , German as globally uniform light vehicles test method ) is one of experts from the European Union , Japan and India and after the guidelines of the World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations of the Economic Commission for Europe of the United Nations (UNECE) developed, new techniques for the measurement of exhaust emissions (pollutant and CO 2 - emissions ) and the fuel / power consumption of motor vehicles . The test procedure was introduced in the European Union on September 1, 2017 and applies to passenger vehicles and light commercial vehicles . This also includes the new test cycle WLTC (Worldwide Harmonized Light Duty Test Cycle). Since the motor vehicle tax in Germany is linked to the CO 2 emissions per kilometer, the motor vehicle tax for newly registered cars will increase significantly on September 1, 2018 due to the introduction of the WLTP.

introduction

With Regulation (EU) 2017/1151 of the Commission of June 1, 2017, among other things with additions and repealments to previous regulations on the type approval of motor vehicles with regard to emissions from light passenger cars and commercial vehicles (Euro 5, Euro 6), the mandatory introduction of the new WLTC / WLTP for type testing of new models and new engine variants from September 1, 2017 and from September 1, 2018 for newly registered vehicles. The new regulation was published on July 7, 2017 in the Official Journal of the EU and came into force on July 27, 2017. This means that the new Euro 6c emissions standard has been in force in the European Union since September 1, 2017 .

In contrast to the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) valid until August 2017 as the basis for determining pollutant and CO 2 emissions as well as fuel and power consumption during type approval, changes in acceleration and speed values ​​apply. In addition, the motor vehicle manufacturers no longer only have to specify the consumption value for an equipment variant, but for each equipment variant that can be configured. This makes the consumption margins of a motor vehicle significantly larger.

Published data according to WLTP

Information on consumption according to the WLTP guidelines was only published sporadically before September 2018 and is mainly available in the field of electric cars . This range and consumption information is listed in an article on consumption information according to WLTP for electric cars .

Test procedures and vehicle classes

Numerous conditions are defined in the test procedure, including gear changes, total vehicle mass (including additional equipment, cargo and passengers), fuel quality, ambient temperature, and tire selection and pressure.

Three different test cycles are used, depending on the power to weight ratio PWr in kilowatts per ton (nominal motor power to empty weight):

  • Class 3: high-performance vehicles with PWr> 34 kW / t
  • Class 2: vehicles with 22 kW / t <PWr ≤ 34 kW / t
  • Class 1: Low-power vehicles with PWr ≤ 22 kW / t

Most of the passenger cars available on the German market today have a power to weight ratio of more than 34 kW / t (46 PS / t empty weight) and thus belong to class 3. A small proportion of minibuses and a few low-powered high-roof station wagons, vans and panel vans can also be in this class 2 belong.

Several driving cycles have been developed for each class to map vehicle operation on urban and extra-urban roads, motorways and expressways. The duration of each part is identical in all three classes, but the acceleration and speed curves are different. There may also be restrictions due to the maximum vehicle speed. The WLTP test procedure offers an algorithm for calculating the optimal operating points.

Driving cycles

The three actual driving cycles in the WLTP are abbreviated as WLTC (Worldwide Harmonized Light Vehicles Test Cycle).

Class 3

WLTC driving cycle diagram for a Class 3 vehicle

The WLTC driving cycle for a class 3 vehicle consists of the four parts Low, Medium, High and Extra High Speed. If the maximum speed of the vehicle is v max <120 km / h, the extra high-speed component is replaced by a further low-speed component.

WLTC class 3 test cycle
Low medium High Extra high Total
Duration, s 589 433 455 323 1800
Downtime, s 156 48 31 7th 242
Distance, m 3,095 4,756 7.158 8,254 23,262
Stop percentage,% 26.5 11.1 6.8 2.2 13.4
Top speed, km / h 56.5 76.6 97.4 131.3
Average speed without stops, km / h 25.7 44.5 60.8 94.0 53.8
Average speed with stops, km / h 18.9 39.5 56.6 92.0 46.5
Maximum deceleration, m / s 2 −1.5 −1.5 −1.5 −1.2
Maximum acceleration, m / s 2 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.0

2nd grade

WLTC driving cycle diagram for a class 2 vehicle

The WLTC driving cycle for a class 2 vehicle consists of the three parts low, medium and high speed. If the maximum speed of the vehicle is v max <90 km / h, the high-speed component is replaced by a further low-speed component.

WLTC class 2 test cycle
Low medium High Total
Duration, s 589 433 455 1477
Downtime, s 155 48 30th 233
Distance, m 3.132 4,712 6,820 14,664
Stop percentage,% 26.3 11.1 6.6 15.8
Top speed, km / h 51.4 74.7 85.2
Average speed without stops, km / h 26.0 44.1 57.8 42.4
Average speed with stops, km / h 19.1 39.2 54.0 35.7
Maximum deceleration, m / s 2 −1.1 −1.0 −1.1
Maximum acceleration, m / s 2 0.9 1.0 0.8

class 1

WLTC driving cycle diagram for a class 1 vehicle

The WLTC driving cycle for a class 1 vehicle consists of the two parts low and medium speed, which are, however, driven in the order low-medium-low (a total of three parts). If the maximum speed of the vehicle is v max <70 km / h, the medium-speed component is replaced by a further low-speed component.

WLTC class 1 test cycle
Low medium Total
Duration, s 589 433 1022
Downtime, s 155 48 203
Distance, m 3,324 4,767 8.091
Stop percentage,% 26.3 11.1 19.9
Top speed, km / h 49.1 64.4
Average speed without stops, km / h 27.6 44.6 35.6
Average speed with stops, km / h 20.3 39.6 28.5
Maximum deceleration, m / s 2 −1.0 −0.6
Maximum acceleration, m / s 2 0.8 0.6

Individual evidence

  1. Jo Deleker: The new cycle . In: Auto Road Traffic . tape 19 , no. 2017 , 23 August 2017, p. 42-43 .

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