Currency (unit)

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A defense was a late medieval to modern volume measure for charcoal .

Wehrung probably arose from the measure of Sete. Sete , the coal measure, was first mentioned in a letter of inheritance law in 1443. A count palatine issued this almost identical document to a hammer owner in Woppenrieth, based on one from 1431.

As a measure had in 1443

  • 1 set / sehte = 15 buckets
  • 1 Wehrung / Sete / Sethe = 12 buckets = 3 cubic meters of coal
    • 1 defense = 12 Fichtelberger buckets
      • 1 bucket about 0.22-0.28 cubic meters

With regard to the bucket unit originally used , there were great local fluctuations in the Upper Palatinate ; this was problematic, as this measure was the most important for the charcoal allocation from the princely forests. In 1579 they wanted to abolish this by no longer measuring the charcoal after it had been burned, but rather the hammer lords should receive a certain amount of wood from which they could produce their own amount of charcoal. This could not be enforced, although the kiln coal, i.e. the coal that was charred in coal kilns, in contrast to pit or branch coal, was obtained from approximately the same amount of cordwood. Around 1800, two fathoms of wood with a log length of four feet were usually required to manufacture a defense , sometimes this was 1.7 fathoms of wood (but here again the different log lengths of 5 to 6 feet must be considered).

While the volume of a defense was 4.65 m³ in the middle of the 16th century , it was only given as 3.6 m³ in the middle of the 17th century. The reason for this was to be seen in the forester's pursuit of profit , wood chippers and charcoal burners . This led to disputes between the hammer owners and the foresters with different exits (some hammer owners even succeeded in increasing the size of the bucket).

A Wehrung gauge charcoal, containers with the size of half a bucket (about 128 l) were also Riesel named used.

literature

  • Götschmann, Dirk: Upper Palatinate iron. Mining and iron industry in the 16th and 17th centuries. Edited by the Association of Friends and Sponsors of the Mining and Industry Museum in East Bavaria (= Volume 5 of the series of publications by the Mining and Industry Museum in East Bavaria), Theuern 1985, Darin: Holz- und Holzkohlenmaße , pp. 232–233. ISBN 3 924 350 05 1 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Georg Brunner: History of Leuchtenberg and the former Landgraves of Leuchtenberg, mostly compiled from previously unknown documents and acts. Verlag Ph. Madler, Weiden 1862, p. 53, footnote [1]
  2. ↑ Collective of authors at the University of Munich, Faculty of Forestry : Forest Research Reports Munich, issues 167-169 . Forestry Faculty of the University, 1998, p. 279.
  3. ↑ Ignaz von Voith: The hammer to Aicholting or the hammer Neuenkersdorf. Negotiations of the historical association for Upper Palatinate and Regensburg , 6 (1841) 3-67.