Factory service Holland

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The manufacturer company Holland was during the Second World War, an organization for the exchange of Dutch workers, especially by artisans in by the German Wehrmacht occupied territories of Central and Eastern Europe.

founding

The "Werkdienst Holland" was founded by the Reich Commissioner for Ukraine , Erich Koch , in 1942; initially under the name "Werkdienst Ukraïne". This was renamed “Werkdienst Holland” in the spring of 1942, and the head of the German central office (ZASt), Landesdirektor Erwin Nimtz, became the director.

The recruitment of Dutch craftsmen for the Dutch works service was headed by NSB -Gauleiter ( districtsleider ) August WJ Borggreven on behalf of the Commissioner General for Finance and Economics in the Netherlands, Hans Fischböck and under the direction of Erwin Nimtz.

Already at the end of September 1942, just a few months after its establishment, the Dutch factory service was subordinated to the “ Nederlandsche Oost Compagnie ” (NOC).

The Holland factory service was renamed "Ostwerk Ukraine" - probably in May 1943 - and was also opened to members of other "Germanic" peoples. "Ostwerk Ukraine GmbH" was founded by articles of association from 1943; It was based in Rovno, Ukraine . Regional Commissioner Lormann was in charge of the Eastern Work in Ukraine .

Structure and organization

The main warehouse of the Holland factory service was in Rowno, Ukraine. Carpenters, pipe fitters, bricklayers, gardeners, electricians, painters and joiners from the Netherlands were housed in the barracks.

The Ukrainian Works Service maintained a field command in Hamburg ; Employees of this Hamburg external command were used to build makeshift homes in the Greater Hamburg area and a barracks camp in Hamburg-Lohbrügge, Ladenbekerfurtweg.

The Reich Commissioner for the Ukraine, Gauleiter Koch, assigned the Ukrainian Works Service a training function for young craftsmen. For this purpose, the factory service set up apprentice workshops in 1943. The craftsmen were to be used primarily to repair the war damage in Ukraine.

In July 1942 a transport of 85 Dutch skilled workers went to the Ukrainian Kharkiv . The group consisted of architects, engineers, electrical engineers, bricklayers, carpenters, house painters and related groups of craftsmen.

In May 1943 a group of eleven Dutch artisans opened their shops in Rivne . Dutch managing directors took over expropriated companies and factories, while others supervised peat extraction or tobacco production. Several dozen Dutch vegetable growers found work in the east, especially in Lithuania. Groups of Dutch dock workers were deployed in the Ukrainian ports of Nikolaev and Kiev; Dutch suction dredgers were in use on the Dnieper River .

Several different organizations were responsible for posting Dutch workers to the German-occupied East. The most important organizations of the Dutch “ Oost-Euroopa ” were the Nederlandsche Oost Compagnie, the Werkdienst Ukraine, the Culano (“ Commissie tot uitzending van landbouwers naar Oost-Euroopa ”) and the “SS front workers” mission. The Ostdeutsche Landbewirtschaftungsgesellschaft mbH ("Ostland") founded in 1940 , which was renamed "Reichsgesellschaft für Landbewirtschaftung mbH (Reichsland)" in May 1942, operated a recruiting agency for Dutch farmers for eastern employment in The Hague. In the course of the financial year 1941/42, the recruiting position for "Ostland" or "Reichsland" in The Hague was transferred to a new Dutch company - possibly the Nederlandsche Oost Compagnie, which was founded in June 1942 and was a public limited company.

Today it can no longer be precisely assigned which organization sent how many Dutch people to which part of German-occupied Central and Eastern Europe. At the height of its activity, the NOC - including the organizations of the Dutch factory service that it took over in 1942/43 and the Dutch "SS front workers" - was subordinate to at least 7,000 Dutch workers. Most of them were employed in the Reichskommissariat Ukraine, many of them with the Landbewirtschaftungsgesellschaft Ukraine (LBGU). It is unclear how many of them belonged to the Holland factory service. According to an anti-National Socialist source from June 1943, the Holland Works Service was able to recruit a total of almost 800 Dutch skilled workers for the occupied territories of Russia before it was absorbed by the Eastern Works in Ukraine.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ . "Rapid intervention in the East - Country Director Nimtz the" Factory Service Holland "represents the" Dutch Ostcompagnie "in Ukraine," in German newspaper in the Netherlands, September 14, 1942 No. 102, p 1, http: // resolver .kb.nl / resolve? urn = ddd: 011120165: mpeg21: pdf
  2. ↑ Chapter: "De 'foute' Sector" p. 454, http://www.meertens.knaw.nl/loedejongdigitaal/orig-pages/nl.vk.d.6-1/pg_0464.pdf
  3. ↑ Dietrich Eichholtz, "History of the German War Economy 1939-1945", p. 318
  4. ↑ LM Bruyn, "KZ-Lager Poperwahlen (Latvia)", Unpublished manuscript on the forced labor camp KZ-Lager Poperwahlen (satellite camp to Dondangen), Latvia, Appendixes, https://www.jewishgen.org/yizkor/Popervale/ Pop002.html . See also: "Immediate deployment in the East - Country Director Nimtz from" Werkdienst Holland "represents the" Dutch East Company "in the Ukraine", in: Deutsche Zeitung in the Netherlands, September 14, 1942, No. 102, p. 1, http: / /resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:011120165:mpeg21:pdf . See also: Geraldien von Frijtag Drabbe Künzel, "Hitler's Brudervolk: The Dutch and the Colonization of Occupied Eastern Europe, 1939–1945", Routledge, 2015, p. 143, https://books.google.de/books?id= XgoXCgAAQBAJ & pg = PA143 & lpg = PA143  : "When the NOC took on the supervison of Werkdienst Holland, in the early autumn of 1942, ..."
  5. ↑ Source: International Transport Workers' Federation, Kempston, Bedford, England (ed.), "Fascism - Facts about the Dictatorships", no. 11, Volume 11, June 16, 1943, p. 64, http://library.fes.de/itf/pdf/amz42/1943/amz42_1943_11.pdf
  6. ↑ "Arbeiders voor de Oekraine", in: Limburger Koerier, May 29, 1943, p. 3, https://www.delpher.nl/nl/kranten/view?coll=ddd&identifier=ddd%3A010329560%3Ampeg21%3Ap003
  7. ↑ Federal Archives, inventory signature R 6, https://open-data.bundesarchiv.de/apex-ead/DE-1958_R_6.xml
  8. ↑ "... Area Commissioner Lormann, unfortunately van het" Ostwerk Ukraine "...", source: "Kameraadschap in Leven en Dood", in: Algemeen Nederlandsche Weekblad, 8th year, No. 10, March 10, 1944, p. 1, http://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010310975:mpeg21:pdf
  9. ↑ Rümer, »Work Service Holland at Work. A visit to the main camp Rovno «, in: Deutsche Ukraine-Zeitung, No. 165, August 2, 1942, p. 3, https://libraria.ua/numbers/875/32084/
  10. ↑ Federal Archives, inventory signature B 326, https://open-data.bundesarchiv.de/apex-ead/DE-1958_B_326.xml
  11. ^ "In Brief", in: Deutsche Zeitung in the Netherlands, July 6, 1943, p. 6, http://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:011120419:mpeg21:pdf
  12. ↑ Deutsche Ukraine-Zeitung, issue No. 165 of August 2, 1942, p. 3, https://libraria.ua/numbers/875/32084/
  13. ↑ Geraldien von Frijtag Drabbe Künzel, "'Germanje": Dutch empire-building in Nazi-occupied Europe ", Chapter" Brothers and rivals ", in: Journal of Genocide Research, Volume 19, 2017, Issue 2:" Populating the Greater Germanic Empire: Volksgemeinschaft and Lebensraum ", Taylor and Francis, https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14623528.2017.1313521
  14. ↑ Dietrich Eichholtz, Chapter: "Decay of the Occupation System, Case Study: The Netherlands"; S. 316, in: the same, History of the German War Economy 1939-1945, https://books.google.de/books?id=cnQbDgAAQBAJ&pg=RA2-PA316&lpg=RA2-PA316
  15. ^ Federal archive inventory signature: R 82, inventory designation: "Reichsgesellschaft für Landbewirtschaftung mbH", https://open-data.bundesarchiv.de/apex-ead/DE-1958_R_82.xml
  16. ↑ Dietrich Eichholtz, "Zerfall des Occupation Systems, Case Study: The Netherlands", in: "History of the German War Economy 1939–1945", p. 326
  17. ^ International Transport Workers' Federation (ITF), Kempston, Bedford, England: "Fascism - Facts about the dictatorships", No. 11, 11th year, June 16, 1943, p. 64, http://library.fes.de /itf/pdf/amz42/1943/amz42_1943_11.pdf