Essence look

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Essence vision is a concept of modern philosophy, especially phenomenology . It denotes a cognition that is held to be evident and which is to be achieved by directly grasping a general cognitive object given in the consciousness.

The show of ideas in Plato's teaching forms a starting point . However, this differs fundamentally from the view of essence in the modern sense in that Plato understands the view of ideas as the perception of an objectively existing metaphysical reality, while the modern phenomenological view of essence manages without metaphysical interpretations. With the exception of Max Scheler. For him, the vision of essence relates to values ​​that are objectively and a priori present.

In the phenomenology of Edmund Husserl , the essence view is a central concept. He also describes it as ideation, eidetic description or eidetic variation. Then, through intensive, systematic analysis of a single object, it is possible to distinguish between the individual properties that happen to be ( contingent ) and the type-specific properties that make up its essence (eidos). This is done by imagining the object in your mind and changing its properties. The properties that must remain unchanged so that the object is still covered by its designation are to be assigned to the essence of the object. You make his identity . The aim of the phenomenological view of essence is to grasp the evidence of things by looking at them without prejudice. In this sense, the eidetic variation is also understood as a descriptive scientific method.

The "bracketing of the character of reality" ( eidetic reduction ) is important when looking at the essence in the Husserlian sense .

For Husserl, the eidetic sciences or essential sciences are based on the vision of essence . Among other things, he understands this to mean logic, mathematics and phenomenological philosophy .

The view of essence as a method is criticized for the risk that it only varies one's own prejudices.

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Max Scheler: The formalism in ethics and the material ethics of values. Reprint from: "Yearbook for Philosophy and Phenomenological Research", Vol. I and II, edited by EDMUND HUSSERL, Freiburg i. Br., Halle ad Saale, 1916, pp. 1-19. archive.org, accessed August 19, 2016
  2. ^ Christian Thiel : Wesensschau , in: Jürgen Mittelstraß (Hrsg.): Encyclopedia Philosophy and Philosophy of Science. 2nd Edition. Volume 8: Th - Z. Stuttgart, Metzler 2018, ISBN 978-3-476-02107-6 , p. 477
  3. ^ Christian Thiel : Wesensschau , in: Jürgen Mittelstraß (Hrsg.): Encyclopedia Philosophy and Philosophy of Science. 2nd Edition. Volume 8: Th - Z. Stuttgart, Metzler 2018, ISBN 978-3-476-02107-6 , p. 477
  4. ↑ Cf. Anton Hügli , Poul Lübcke (Hrsg.): Philosophielexikon. People and concepts of occidental philosophy from antiquity to the present. Adult edition. Rowohlt, Reinbek 2013 (rororo; 55689; Rowohlts Encyclopedia), ISBN 3 499 978 55689 0 : essences .