Xixia Qiang languages

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The Xixia Qiang languages or shortly Qiang languages form a sub-unit of Qiangic languages belonging to the Tibeto-Burman languages belong to a primary branch of the Sino Tibetan . The ten Qiang languages ​​are spoken by 250,000 people in southern China in the Sichuan province . The largest single language is the Qiang with 130,000 speakers. The Qiang languages ​​also include Xixia or Tangut, the extinct language of the Tangut Empire (11th - 13th centuries).

Xixia-Qiang within Sino-Tibetan

  • Sinotibian
    • Tibeto Burmese
      • Qiang Gyalrong
        • Xixia-Qiang
        • Gyalrong

Internal classification and number of speakers

  • Xixia-Qiang
    • Xixia (Hsi Hsia, Tangutisch) †
    • Qiang
      • Qiang-Prinmi
        • Qiang (Ch'iang) (130,000 speakers)
          • Northern dialects: Yadu, Weigu, Cimulin, Luhua
          • Southern dialects: Dajishan, Taoping, Longxi, Mianchi, Heihu, Sanlong, Jiaochang
        • Prinmi (Pimi, Pumi)   dialects: Taoba (north), Qinghua (south)
        • Muya (Miyao, Minyak, Manyak) (15,000)
      • Zhaba-Queyu
        • Queyu (7,000)
        • Zhaba (Zaba) (8,000)
      • Guiqiong (Guichong) (6,000)
      • Ersu-Namuyi
        • Ersu (Eršu) (15,000)   dialects: Ersu, Duoxou, Lüzu
        • Namuyi (Namuzi) (5,000)
        • Shixing (2,000)

Classification and number of speakers according to the given web link.

literature

Xixia-Qiang

  • Randy J. LaPolla: Qiang. In: Graham Thurgood, Randy J. LaPolla: The Sino-Tibetan Languages. Routledge, London 2003.
  • Picus Sizhi Ding: Prinmi: A Sketch of Niuwozi. In: Graham Thurgood, Randy J. LaPolla: The Sino-Tibetan Languages. Routledge, London 2003.
  • Gong Hwang-Cherng: Tangut. In: Graham Thurgood, Randy J. LaPolla: The Sino-Tibetan Languages. Routledge, London 2003.
  • Ksenia Kepping , Christopher Beckwith: A Preliminary Glossary of Tangut from Tibetan Transcriptions. In: Christopher I. Beckwith (Ed.): Medieval Tibeto-Burman Languages. Brill, Leiden / Boston / Cologne 2002.

Tibeto Burmese

  • Christopher I. Beckwith (Ed.): Medieval Tibeto-Burman Languages. Brill, Leiden / Boston / Cologne 2002.
  • Paul K. Benedict: Sino-Tibetan. A Conspectus. Cambridge University Press, 1972.
  • Scott DeLancey: Sino-Tibetan Languages. In: Bernard Comrie (Ed.): The World's Major Languages. Oxford University Press, 1990.
  • Austin Hale: Research on Tibeto-Burman Languages. Mouton, Berlin / New York / Amsterdam 1982.
  • James A. Matisoff: Handbook of Proto-Tibeto-Burman. University of California Press, 2003.
  • Anju Saxena (Ed.): Himalayan Languages. Mouton de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2004.
  • Graham Thurgood, Randy J. LaPolla: The Sino-Tibetan Languages. Routledge, London 2003.
  • Van Driem, George: Languages ​​of the Himalayas. Brill, Leiden 2001.

See also

Web links