Yohl Ik'nal
Yohl Ik'nal († November 4, 604 ) was a ruler ( Ajaw ) of the Maya city of Palenque . She ruled from December 23, 583 until her death. She was the first woman on the throne of Palenque.
Origin and family
It is not known when Yohl Ik'nal was born. Her family origins are also unclear. Since women only very rarely came to the throne during the classical period of Mayan history, the reason for their assumption of power was probably due to their belonging to the ruling dynasty. Most likely, she was the daughter or sister of her predecessor Kan Bahlam I , who died without a male heir. However, so far there is no evidence of this. The family relationship with her successor Ajen Yohl Mat is also unclear, possibly he was her son. During his reign a Janaab played Pakala significant role. Little is known about him. He could have been another son or husband of Yohl Ik'nal.
Reign
Yohl Ik'nal ascended the throne on December 23, 583 ( long count 9.7.10.3.8, calendar round 9 Lamat 1 Muwan). An inscription in the Temple of Inscriptions in Palenque names two significant events from her reign. On August 20, 593 (9.8.0.0.0) celebrations took place at the end of a calendar period. The second event was a heavy military defeat by Palenque against Calakmul . Its ruler " Schleifen-Schlange " led his troops over 200 kilometers and penetrated into the center of Palenque on April 23, 599 (9.8.5.13.8, 6 Lamat 1 Sip). The city suffered great destruction. The inscription reports that the three protective deities Palenques were thrown down, which can either stand as a symbol for defeat or for an actual destruction of the idols of Palenques.
On May 16, 603 (9.8.9.15.11, 7 Chuwen 4 Sotz ') there was another attack on Palenque, this time by Bonampak , which is evident from an inscription found there. However, there is no evidence that Bonampak ever exercised power over Palenque. It must therefore have been a purely opportunistic attack that exploited Palenque's weakness after the heavy defeat against Calakmul.
Yohl Ik'nal died on November 4, 604 (9.8.11.6.12, 2 Eb '20 Keh). On January 1, 605, Ajen Yohl Mat succeeded her to the throne.
literature
- Simon Martin / Nikolai Grube : Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens. Deciphering the Dynasties of the Ancient Maya. Thames & Hudson, 2nd ed., London 2008, ISBN 978-0-500-28726-2 , pp. 159-160.
- Joel Skidmore: The Rulers of Palenque . Mesoweb, 5th ed., 2010, pp. 39-53 ( PDF; 9.1 MB ).
- David Stuart , George Stuart : Palenque. Eternal City of the Maya. Thames & Hudson, London 2008, ISBN 978-0-50-00-5156-6 , pp. 139-142.
Web links
- Peter Matthews: Who's who in the Classic Maya World
- Yohl Ik'nal in the Mesoweb Encyclopedia (English)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Mesoweb Encyclopedia
- ^ Skidmore: The Rulers of Palenque. Pp. 46-48.
- ^ Skidmore: The Rulers of Palenque. Pp. 49-50.
| predecessor | Office | successor |
|---|---|---|
| Kan Bahlam I. |
Ajaw of Palenque 583-604 |
Ajen Yohl Mat |
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Yohl Ik'nal |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Kan Ik, K'anal Ik'nal |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Ruler of the Maya city of Palenque (583–604) |
| DATE OF BIRTH | 6th century |
| DATE OF DEATH | November 4, 604 |