Access factor
| Start of retirement | Access factor (discount / surcharge) |
|---|---|
| 5 years before | 0.820 (−18.0%) |
| 4 years before | 0.856 (−14.4%) |
| 3 years before | 0.892 (−10.8%) |
| 2 years before | 0.928 (- 7.2%) |
| 1 year before | 0.964 (- 3.6%) |
| 1 month before | 0.997 (- 0.3%) |
| Standard retirement age | 1,000 |
| 1 month later | 1.005 (+ 0.5%) |
| 1 year later | 1,060 (+ 6.0%) |
| 2 years later | 1.120 (+ 12.0%) |
| 3 years later | 1.180 (+ 18.0%) |
| 4 years later | 1.240 (+ 24.0%) |
| 5 years later | 1,300 (+ 30.0%) |
The access factor has been part of the pension formula for calculating the pension amount in the German statutory pension scheme since 1992 .
The access factor means that the pension will be lower if it is drawn early or that it will be higher if it is only drawn after the relevant age limit has been reached. The amount of the access factor is based on the age of the insured person at the start of retirement (in the case of old-age or disability pensions) or on his death (in the case of pensions due to death).
Regular retirement pension
For old-age pensions that begin at the end of the calendar month in which the regular retirement age is reached or a lower age limit applicable to the insured person, the access factor is 1.0.
If the pension is drawn early, the access factor for each calendar month of the early drawing is 0.003 lower than 1.0. Accordingly, the gross pension is reduced by 0.3% for each month in which it is drawn early, i.e. by 3.6% per year. One speaks of a pension deduction. The deduction remains in place until the end of the pension, i.e. it does not disappear again when the regular age limit is reached. Any survivor's pension that may be replaced at a later date is also subject to the existing deduction (Section 77 (3) sentence 1 SGB VI).
If the pension is only claimed after reaching the regular retirement age despite the waiting period , the access factor for each calendar month of non-use is 0.005 higher than 1.0, so that a surcharge of 0.5% per month or 6.0 is added to the pension % per year results. There is no time limit, so there is no maximum amount of the access factor. For example, after 10 years of non-use, the access factor is 1.6.
Pensions for reduced earning capacity and child-raising pensions as well as for surviving dependents
The access factor has also been used since January 1, 2001 for pensions due to reduced earning capacity , education pensions and survivors' pensions.
In the case of a pension for reduced earning capacity and a child-raising pension, the access factor is 0.003 lower than 1.0 for each calendar month for which a pension is drawn before the end of the calendar month on which the person turns 63 (until 2011). Here, too, there are pension discounts, which, however, amount to a maximum of 10.8%. For disability pensions that began in 2012, the retirement age and the start of the deduction effect increase gradually to 65 years and 62 years, respectively.
example
Anyone who retires four years before the standard retirement age of their birth cohort after 36 years of contributory work receives a pension that is 14.4% lower than if the same person had taken a four-year break from gainful employment at an earlier point in time and also after, due to the access factor of 0.856 36 years of contributory work would retire exactly at the standard retirement age, and the ratio to the relevant average income was always the same.
Individual evidence
- ↑ This mainly applies to people who take advantage of the old-age pension for those with long-term insurance or for severely disabled people; here the retirement age is two to three years before the regular retirement age
- ↑ Section 77 (2) sentence 1 no. 1 SGB VI
- ↑ Section 77, Paragraph 2, Sentence 1, No. 2a) SGB VI
- ↑ § 264d SGB VI
- ↑ Section 77 Paragraph 2 Clause 2 and 3 in conjunction with V. m. Section 264d SGB VI
- ↑ see table in § 264d SGB VI