Pop art and Wikipedia:Sandbox: Difference between pages
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[[Image:Hamilton-appealing2.jpg|thumb|300px|[[Richard Hamilton (artist)|Richard Hamilton]]. ''[[Just What Is It that Makes Today's Homes So Different, So Appealing?|Just What Is It That Makes Today’s Homes So Different, So Appealing?]]'' (1956) is one of the earliest works to be considered "Pop Art".]] |
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| name = Diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue |
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'''Pop Art''' is a visual [[art movement]] that emerged in the mid 1950s in [[UK|Britain]] and in parallel in the late 1950s in the [[United States]]. <ref name=pop>Livingstone, M., ''Pop Art: A Continuing History'', New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1990 </ref> Pop Art challenged tradition by asserting that an artist's use of the mass produced visual commodities of popular culture is contiguous with the perspective of [[Fine Art]] since Pop removes the material from its context and isolates the object, or combines it with other objects, for contemplation. <ref name=pop>Livingstone, M., ''Pop Art: A Continuing History'', New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1990 </ref> <ref name=ages>de la Croix, H.; Tansey, R., ''Gardner's Art Through the Ages'', New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc., 1980.</ref> The concept of Pop Art refers not as much to the art itself as to the attitudes that led to it. <ref name=ages/> |
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| title = [[Skin disease|Diseases of the skin]] and [[subcutaneous tissue]] ([[integumentary system]]) ([[ICD-10 Chapter XII: Diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue|L]], [[List of ICD-9 codes 680-709: Diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue|680-709]]) |
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| bodystyle = line-height: 1.3; 212321223 |
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| titlestyle = background:Silver |
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| groupstyle = background-color: Linen |
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| group1 = [[Infectious skin disease|Infection]]s |
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Pop Art is one of the major art movements of the twentieth century. Characterized by themes and techniques drawn from ''popular'' [[mass culture]], such as [[advertising]],[[comic books]] and mundane cultural objects, Pop Art is widely interpreted as a reaction to the then-dominant ideas of [[Abstract Expressionism]], as well as an expansion upon them. <ref name=iha/> Pop Art, like [[pop music]], aimed to employ images of popular as opposed to elitist culture in art, emphasizing the banal or [[kitsch]]y elements of any given culture, most often through the use of [[irony]]. <ref name=ages/> It has also been defined by the artists' use of mechanical means of reproduction or rendering techniques. |
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| list1 = ''[[Staphylococcal infection|Staphylococcus]]'' ([[Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome]], [[Impetigo]], [[Boil]], [[Carbuncle]]) - [[Cellulitis]] ([[Paronychia]]) - [[Lymphadenopathy|Acute lymphadenitis]] - [[Pilonidal cyst]] - ''[[Corynebacterium]]'' ([[Erythrasma]]) - [[Pimple]] ([[Pustule]]) |
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| group2 = [[Bullous]] disorders |
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Much of Pop Art is considered incongruent, as the conceptual practices that are often used make it difficult for some to readily comprehend. Pop Art and [[Minimalism]] are considered to be the last [[Modern Art]] movements and thus the precursors to Postmodern Art, or some of the earliest examples of Postmodern Art themselves.<ref>{{cite book| last=Harrison| first=Sylvia |title=Pop Art and the Origins of Post-Modernism| publisher=Cambridge University Press| date=2001-08-27}}</ref> |
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| list2 = ''[[acantholysis]]'' ([[Pemphigus]], [[Transient acantholytic dermatosis]]) - [[Pemphigoid]] ([[Bullous pemphigoid|Bullous]], [[Mucous membrane pemphigoid|Mucous membrane]], [[Gestational pemphigoid|Gestational]]) - [[Dermatitis herpetiformis]] |
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| group3 = [[Inflammatory]] |
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| list3 = {{Navbox subgroup |
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| groupstyle = background-color: Linen |
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| group1 = [[Dermatitis]] and [[eczema]] |
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==Origins== |
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| list1 = [[Atopic dermatitis]] - [[Seborrhoeic dermatitis]] ([[Dandruff]], [[Cradle cap]]) - [[Contact dermatitis]] ([[Diaper rash]], [[Urushiol-induced contact dermatitis]]) - [[Erythroderma]] - [[Lichen simplex chronicus]]/[[Prurigo nodularis]] - [[Itch]] ([[Pruritus ani]]) - [[Nummular dermatitis]] - [[Dyshidrosis]] - [[Pityriasis alba]] |
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| group4 = [[Papulosquamous disorder]]s |
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The origins of Pop art in America and Great Britain developed slightly differently. <ref name=ages/> In America, it marked a return to hard-edged composition and representational art as a response by artists using impersonal, mundane reality, [[irony]] and [[parody]] to diffuse the personal symbolism and ″painterly looseness″ of Abstract Expressionism. <ref name=iha/> <ref name=high>Gopnik, A.; Varnedoe, K., ''High & Low: Modern Art & Popular Culture'', New York: The Museum of Modern Art, 1990</ref> By contrast, the origin in post-War Britain, while employing irony and parody, was more academic with a focus on the dynamic and paradoxical imagery of American popular culture as powerful, manipulative symbolic devices that were affecting whole patterns of life, while improving prosperity of a society. <ref name=high/> Early Pop Art in Britain was a matter of ideas fueled by American popular culture viewed from afar, while the America artists were inspired by the experiences of living within that culture. <ref name=high/> However, Pop Art also was a continuation of certain aspects of Abstract Expressionism, such as a belief in the possibilities for art, especially for large-scale artwork.<ref name=iha/> Similarly, Pop Art was both an extension and a repudiation of [[Dadaism]].<ref name=iha/> While Pop Art and Dadaism explored some of the same subjects, Pop Art replaced the destructive, satirical, and anarchic impulses of the Dada movement with detached affirmation of the artifacts of mass culture.<ref name=iha/> Some of the most influential proto-Pop artists include [[Pablo Picasso]], [[Marcel Duchamp]], [[Kurt Schwitters]], and [[Man Ray]] amongst others. |
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| list4 = [[Psoriasis]] ([[Psoriatic arthritis]]) - [[Parapsoriasis]] ([[Pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta]], [[Pityriasis lichenoides chronica]], [[Lymphomatoid papulosis]]) - ''other [[pityriasis]]'' ([[Pityriasis rosea]], [[Pityriasis rubra pilaris]]) - ''other [[Lichenoid eruption|lichenoid]]'' ([[Lichen planus]], [[Lichen nitidus]]) |
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| group5 = [[Urticaria]] |
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==In Britain: The Independent Group== |
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| list5 = [[Dermatographic urticaria]] - [[Cold urticaria]] - [[Cholinergic urticaria]] |
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[[Image:I was a Rich Man's Plaything 1947.jpg|thumb|[[Eduardo Paolozzi]]. ''I was a Rich Man's Plaything'' (1947) is considered the initial standard bearer of “Pop Art” and first to display the word "pop". Paolozzi showed the collage in 1952 as part of his groundbreaking ''Bunk!'' series presentation at the initial [[Independent Group]] meeting in London.]] |
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| group6 = [[Erythema]] |
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The [[Independent Group]] (IG), founded in London in 1952, is regarded as the precursor to the Pop Art movement. <ref name=pop/> <ref name=mod>Arnason, H., ''History of Modern Art: Painting, Sculpture, Architecture'', New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc. 1968. </ref> They were a gathering of young painters, sculptors, architects, writers and critics who were challenging prevailing modernist approaches to culture as well as traditional views of Fine Art. The group discussions centered around popular culture implications from such elements as mass advertising, movies, product design, comic strips, science fiction and technology. At the first Independent Group meeting in 1952, co-founding member, artist and sculptor [[Eduardo Paolozzi]] presented a lecture using a series of collages titled ''Bunk!'' that he had assembled during his time Paris between 1947-1949. <ref name=pop/> <ref name=mod/> This material consisted of 'found objects' such as, advertising, comic book characters, magazine covers and various mass produced graphics that mostly represented American popular culture. One of the images in that presentation was Paolozzi's 1947 [[collage]], ''I was a Rich Man's Plaything'', which includes the first use of the word “pop!″, appearing in a cloud of smoke emerging from a revolver. <ref name=pop/> <ref>Tate Collection image: ''I was a Rich Man's Plaything'' [http://www.tate.org.uk/imap/imap2/pages/paolozzi.html]</ref> Following Paolozzi's seminal presentation in 1952, the IG focused primarily on the imagery of American popular culture, particularly mass advertising. <ref name=high/> |
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| list6 = [[Erythema multiforme]]/[[drug eruption]]s: [[Stevens-Johnson syndrome]] - [[Toxic epidermal necrolysis]] - [[Erythema nodosum]]<BR>Other [[erythema]]: [[Erythema annulare centrifugum]] - [[Erythema marginatum]] - [[Necrolytic migratory erythema]] - [[Erythema toxicum]] |
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}} |
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Subsequent coinage of the complete term “Pop Art” was made by [[John McHale (artist)|John McHale]] for the ensuing movement in 1954. “Pop Art” as a moniker was then used in discussons by IG members in the Second Session of the IG in 1955, and the specific term “Pop Art” first appeared in published print in an article by IG members [[Alison and Peter Smithson]] in Arc, 1956 <ref> Alison and Peter Smithson, "But Today We Collect Ads" , reprinted on page 54 in ''Modern Dreams The Rise and Fall of Pop'', published by ICA and MIT, ISBN-N-O-262-73081-2 </ref>. However, the term is often credited to [[United Kingdom|British]] [[art critic]]/[[curator]], [[Lawrence Alloway]] in a 1958 essay titled ''The Arts and the Mass Media'', although the term he uses is "popular mass culture" <ref>Lawrence Alloway, "The Arts and the Mass Media," Architectural Design & Construction, February 1958.</ref> Nevertheless, Alloway was one of the leading critics to defend mass culture and Pop Art as a legitimate art form. |
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| group6 = [[Radiation]]-related disorders |
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==In the United States== |
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| list6 = [[Sunburn]] - [[Actinic keratosis]] - [[Polymorphous light eruption]] - [[Radiodermatitis]] - [[Erythema ab igne]] |
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[[Image:Roy Lichtenstein Drowning Girl.jpg|205px|thumb|left|[[Roy Lichtenstein]]. ''Drowning Girl'' (1963). On display at the [[Museum of Modern Art, New York]].]] |
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| group7 = [[Pigmentation disorder]] |
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Begun in the late 1950s, Pop Art in America was given its greatest impetus during the 1960s. By this time, American advertising had adopted many elements and inflections of modern art and functioned at a very sophisticated level. Consequently, American artists had to search deeper for dramatic styles that would distance art from the well-designed and clever commercial materials. <ref name=high/> As the British viewed American popular culture imagery from a somewhat removed perspective, their views were often instilled with romantic, sentimental and humorous overtones. By contrast, American artists being bombarded daily with the diversity of mass produced imagery, produced work that was generally more bold and aggressive. <ref name=mod/> |
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| list7 = ''[[hypopigmentation]]'' ([[Albinism]], [[Vitiligo]]) - ''[[hyperpigmentation]]'' ([[Melasma]], [[Freckle]], [[Café au lait spot]], [[Lentigo]]/[[Liver spot]], [[Acanthosis nigricans]]) |
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| group8 = Other skin |
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Two of the most important painters in the establishment of America's Pop Art vocabulary were [[Jasper Johns]] and in particular [[Robert Rauschenberg]]. <ref name=mod/> While the paintings of Rauschenberg have obvious relationships to the earlier work of [[Kurt Schwitters]] and other Dadaists, his concern was with society of the moment. His approach to create unity out of ephemeral materials and topical events in the life of everyday America gave his work a unique quality. <ref name=mod/> <ref>Sandler, Irving H. ''The New York School: The Painters and Sculptors of the Fifties,'' New York: Harper & Row, 1978. ISBN 0-06-438505-1 pp.174-195, ''Rauschenberg and Johns''; pp. 103-111, ''Rivers and other gestural realists''; </ref> |
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| list8 = ''[[keratosis]]/[[hyperkeratosis]]'' ([[Seborrheic keratosis]], [[Callus]]) - ''other epidermal thickening'' ([[Ichthyosis acquisita]], [[Palmoplantar keratoderma]]) |
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''[[skin ulcer]]'' ([[Pyoderma gangrenosum]], [[Bedsore]]) |
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Of equal importance to American Pop Art is [[Roy Lichtenstein]]. His work probably defines the basic premise of Pop Art better than any other through [[parody]]. <ref name=mod/> Selecting the old-fashioned comic strip as subject matter, Lichtenstein produces a hard-edged, precise composition that documents while it parodies in a soft manner. The paintings of Lichtenstein, like those of [[Andy Warhol]], [[Tom Wesselmann]] and others, share a direct attachment to the commonplace image of American popular culture, but also treat the subject in an impersonal manner clearly illustrating the idealization of mass production. <ref name=mod/> |
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''[[atrophic]]'' ([[Lichen sclerosus]], [[Acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans]]) |
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It should also be noted that while the British Pop Art movement predated the American Pop Art movement, there were some earlier American proto-Pop origins which utilized 'as found' cultural objects.<ref name=iha>Piper, David. ''The Illustrated History of Art'', ISBN 0753701790, p486-487.</ref> During the 1920s American artists [[Gerald Murphy]], [[Charles Demuth]] and [[Stuart Davis (painter)|Stuart Davis]] created paintings prefiguring the Pop Art movement that contained pop culture imagery such as mundane objects culled from American commercial products and advertising design.<ref>[http://www.newyorker.com/arts/critics/artworld/2007/08/06/070806craw_artworld_schjeldahl New Yorker article, accessed online August 28, 2007]</ref><ref>Wayne Craven, ''American Art: History and Culture,'' p.464.</ref><ref>[http://www.jasonkaufman.com/articles/stuart_davis_american_modernist.htm accessed online August 28, 2007]</ref> |
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''[[necrobiosis]]'' ([[Granuloma annulare]], [[Necrobiosis lipoidica]]) - ''other [[granuloma]]'' ([[Granuloma faciale]], [[Pyogenic granuloma]]) |
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==In Spain== |
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In Spain, the study of Pop Art is associated with the "new figurative." which arose from the roots of the crisis of informalism. [[Eduardo Arroyo]] could be said to fit within the pop art trend, on account of his interest in the environment, his critique of our media culture which incorporates icons of both [[mass media]] communication and the history of painting, and his scorn for nearly all established artistic styles. However, the Spaniard who could be considered the most authentically “pop” artist is Alfredo Alcaín, because of the use he makes of popular images and empty spaces in his compositions. |
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''[[vasculitis]]'' ([[Livedoid vasculitis]], [[Erythema elevatum diutinum]]) |
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Also in the category of Spanish Pop Art is the “Chronicle Team” (''El Equipo Crónica''), which existed in [[Valencia (city in Spain)|Valencia]] between 1964 and 1981, formed by the artists [[Manolo Valdés]] and Rafael Solbes. Their movement can be characterized as Pop because of its use of comics and publicity images and its simplification of images and photographic compositions. [[Film]]maker [[Pedro Almodovar]] emerged from Madrid's "La Movida" subculture (1970s) making low budget [[Super 8 mm film|super 8]] pop art movies and was subsequently called the Andy Warhol of Spain by the media at the time. In the book "Almodovar on Almodovar" he is quoted saying that the 1950s film "Funny Face" is a central inspiration for his work. One Pop trademark in Almodovar's films is that he always produces a fake commercial to be inserted into a scene. |
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| group9 = [[Connective tissue disorder|Connective tissue]]s |
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== In Japan == |
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| list9 = ''[[collagen disease]]:'' [[Keloid]]<BR>''localized [[Connective tissue disease|connective tissue disorder]]s:'' [[Systemic lupus erythematosus|Lupus erythematosus]] - [[Scleroderma]]/[[Morphea]] - [[Calcinosis cutis]] - [[Sclerodactyly]] - [[Ainhum]] |
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| group10 = Disorders of<BR>[[skin appendages]] |
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Pop art in Japan is unique and identifiable as Japanese because of the regular subjects and styles. Many Japanese pop artists take inspiration largely from ''[[anime]]'', and sometimes ''[[ukiyo-e]]'' and traditional Japanese art. The best-known Pop artist currently in Japan is [[Takashi Murakami]], whose group of artists, [[Kaikai Kiki]], is world-renowned for their own mass-produced but highly abstract and unique [[superflat]] art movement, a surrealist, post-modern movement whose inspiration comes mainly from ''[[anime]]'' and Japanese street culture, is mostly aimed at youth in Japan, and has made a large cultural impact. Some artists in Japan, like [[Yoshitomo Nara]], are famous for their [[graffiti]]-inspired art, and some, such as Murakami, are famous for mass-produced plastic or polymer figurines. Many Pop artists in Japan use surreal or obscene, shocking images in their art, taken from Japanese ''[[hentai]]''. This element of the art catches the eye of viewers young and old, and is extremely thought-provoking, but is not taken as offensive in Japan. A common metaphor used in Japanese pop art is the innocence and vulnerability of children and youth. Artists like Nara and [[Aya Takano]] use children as a subject in almost all of their art. While Nara creates scenes of anger or rebellion through children, Takano communicates the innocence of children by portraying [[nude girls]]. |
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| list10 = {{Navbox subgroup |
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| groupstyle = background-color: Linen |
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| group1 = [[Nail disease|Nail]] |
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==Painting and sculpture examples== |
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| list1 = [[Ingrown nail]] - [[Onychogryposis]] - [[Beau's lines]] - [[Yellow nail syndrome]] - [[Leukonychia]] |
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<gallery> |
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Image:Jasper Johns's 'Flag', Encaustic, oil and collage on fabric mounted on plywood,1954-55.jpg|[[Jasper Johns]], 1954-1955 ''Flag'' |
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Image:Campbells Soup Cans MOMA.jpg|[[Andy Warhol]], 1962 ''Campbell Soup Cans'' |
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Image:'Still Life -20', mixed media work by --Tom Wesselmann--, 1962, --Albright-Knox Gallery--.jpg|[[Tom Wesselmann]], 1962 ''Still Life'' |
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Image:WayneThiebaudThreeMachines.jpg|[[Wayne Thiebaud]], 1963 ''Three Machines'' |
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Image:Soft Bathtub.jpg|[[Claes Oldenburg]], 1966 ''Soft Bathtub'' |
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Image:Hockney, A Bigger Splash.jpg|[[David Hockney]], 1967 ''A Bigger Splash'' |
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Image:Alex Katz's 1970 painting of his son 'Vincent with Open Mouth'.jpg|[[Alex Katz]], 1970 ''Vincent with Open Mouth'' |
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Image:'The Robe Following Her - 4', oil on canvas painting by Jim Dine, 1984-5.jpg|[[Jim Dine]], 1984-1985 ''The Robe Following Her'' |
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</gallery> |
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| group2 = [[Hair disease|Hair]] |
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==Notable artists== |
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| list2 = {{Navbox subgroup |
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| groupstyle = background-color: Linen |
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| group1 = [[Alopecia|Hair loss]] |
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{{col-begin}} |
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| list1 = [[Alopecia areata]] ([[Alopecia totalis]], [[Alopecia universalis]], [[Ophiasis]])<BR>[[Androgenic alopecia]] - [[Hypotrichosis]] - [[Telogen effluvium]] - [[Traction alopecia]] - [[Lichen planopilaris]] - [[Trichorrhexis nodosa]] |
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{{col-4}} |
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*[[Billy Apple]] |
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*[[Peter Blake (artist)|Sir Peter Blake]] |
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*[[Derek Boshier]] |
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*[[Patrick Caulfield]] |
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*[[Alan D'arcangelo|Alan D’Arcangelo]] |
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*[[Jim Dine]] |
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*[[William Eggleston]] |
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*[[Erró]] |
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*[[Marisol Escobar]] |
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*[[Red Grooms]] |
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*[[Richard Hamilton (artist)|Richard Hamilton]] |
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{{col-4}} |
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*[[Keith Haring]] |
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*[[David Hockney]] |
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*[[Robert Indiana]] |
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*[[Jasper Johns]] |
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*[[Allen Jones (sculptor)|Allen Jones]] |
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*[[Alex Katz]] |
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*[[Corita Kent]] |
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*[[Nicholas Krushenick]] |
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*[[Yayoi Kusama]] |
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*[[Roy Lichtenstein]] |
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*[[Richard Lindner (painter)|Richard Lindner]] |
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{{col-4}} |
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*[[John McHale (artist)|John McHale]] |
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*[[Peter Max]] |
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*[[Takashi Murakami]] |
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*[[Yoshitomo Nara]] |
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*[[Claes Oldenburg]] |
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*[[Julian Opie]] |
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*[[Eduardo Paolozzi]] |
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*[[Peter Phillips (artist)|Peter Phillips]] |
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*[[Sigmar Polke]] |
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*[[Hariton Pushwagner]] |
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*[[Mel Ramos]] |
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{{col-4}} |
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*[[Robert Rauschenberg]] |
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*[[Larry Rivers]] |
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*[[James Rosenquist]] |
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*[[Ed Ruscha]] |
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*[[George Segal (artist)|George Segal]] |
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*[[Colin Self]] |
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*[[Aya Takano]] |
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*[[Wayne Thiebaud]] |
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*[[Andy Warhol]] |
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*[[John Wesley (artist)|John Wesley]] |
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*[[Tom Wesselmann]] |
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{{col-end}} |
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| group2 = Other |
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==See also== |
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| list2 = [[Hypertrichosis]] ([[Hirsutism]]) |
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*[[Op art]] |
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*[[Plop art]] |
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*[[Lowbrow (art movement)]] |
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*[[Figuration Libre]] (art movement) |
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*[[Superflat]] |
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*[[Nouveau réalisme]] |
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[[Acneiform eruption]] ([[Acne vulgaris]], [[Chloracne]], [[Blackhead]]) - [[Rosacea]] ([[Perioral dermatitis]], [[Rhinophyma]]) |
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==Notes and references== |
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{{reflist}} |
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''follicular cysts'' ([[Epidermoid cyst]], [[Sebaceous cyst]], [[Steatocystoma multiplex]]) |
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==External links== |
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{{Westernart}} |
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{{Avant-garde}} |
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{{Modernism}} |
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{{1966-1968 Batman television series}} |
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[[Pseudofolliculitis barbae]] - [[Hidradenitis suppurativa]] - [[Folliculitis]] |
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[[Category:Pop art| ]] |
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[[Category:Pop artists| ]] |
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[[Category:Modern art]] |
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[[Category:Art movements]] |
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[[Category:Western art]] |
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[[Category:England]] |
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[[Category:Modernism]] |
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}} |
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[[br:Pop Art]] |
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[[bs:Pop art]] |
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| group3 = [[Sweat gland disease|Sweat gland]]s |
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[[ca:Art popular]] |
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| list3 = ''[[Eccrine sweat glands|eccrine]]'' ([[Miliaria]], [[Anhidrosis]]) - ''[[apocrine]]'' ([[Body odor]], [[Chromhidrosis]], [[Fox-Fordyce disease]]) |
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[[cs:Pop art]] |
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[[da:Popkunst]] |
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}} |
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[[de:Pop-Art]] |
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[[el:Ποπ Αρτ]] |
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| list11 = ''see also [[Template:Congenital malformations and deformations of integument|congenital]], [[Template:Skin cancer|neoplasia]]'' |
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[[es:Arte pop]] |
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}} |
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[[eo:Poparto]] |
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<noinclude> |
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[[eu:Pop Artea]] |
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[[Category:Disease and disorder templates|Diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue]] |
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[[fa:پاپ آرت]] |
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[[pt:Predefinição:Doenças da pele e do tecido subcutâneo]] |
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[[fr:Pop art]] |
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</noinclude> |
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[[gd:Pop Art]] |
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[[gl:Arte pop]] |
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[[ko:팝 아트]] |
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[[hr:Pop art]] |
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[[it:Pop art]] |
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[[he:פופ ארט]] |
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[[ka:პოპ-არტი]] |
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[[lb:Pop-Art]] |
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[[lt:Pop art menas]] |
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[[ja:ポップアート]] |
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[[pl:Pop-art]] |
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[[pt:Pop art]] |
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[[ru:Поп-арт]] |
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[[simple:Pop art]] |
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[[sr:Поп-арт]] |
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[[fi:Pop-taide]] |
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[[sv:Popkonst]] |
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[[tr:Pop sanatı]] |
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[[zh:波普藝術]] |
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