Talk:Chickenpox and Gliese 581d: Difference between pages

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{{Planetbox begin
{{talkheader}}
| name = Gliese 581 d
{{WPMED|class=B|importance=High}}
}}
{{WikiProject Viruses|class=B|importance=Low}}
{{Planetbox image
{{FAOL|German|de:Windpocken}}
| image = Gliese 581 d-v1.jpg
| caption = An artist's impression of Gliese 581 d and speculative moons.
}}
{{Planetbox star
| star = [[Gliese 581]]
| constell = [[Libra (constellation)|Libra]]
| RA = {{RA|15|19|26}}
| DEC = {{DEC|−07|43|20}}
| dist_ly = 20.3
| dist_pc = 6.2
| class = M3V
}}
{{Planetbox orbit
| period = 83.22730 ± 0.65845<ref name=udry>{{cite journal|url=http://cdsads.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?2007A%26A...469L..43U&db_key=AST&nosetcookie=1|title=The HARPS search for southern extra-solar planets. XI. Super-Earths (5 and 8 M<sub>⊕</sub>) in a 3-planet system|author=Udry, S.; Bonfils, X.; Delfosse, X.; Forveille, T.; Mayor, M.; Perrier, C.; Bouchy, F.; Lovis, C.; Pepe, F.; Queloz, D.; Bertaux, J.-L.|journal=[[Astronomy and Astrophysics]]|volume=469|issue=3|year=2007|pages=L43 – L47|doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20077612|accessdate=2008-08-18}}</ref>
| semimajor = 0.2525 ± 0.013<ref name=udry />
| eccentricity = 0.12118 ± 0.12034<ref name=udry />
}}
{{Planetbox character
| mass_earth = >7.804 ± 0.69<ref name=udry />
}}
{{Planetbox discovery
| discovery_date = [[24 April]] [[2007]]
| discoverers = [[Stéphane Udry|Udry]] et al.
| discovery_method = [[Radial velocity]]
| discovery_site = {{flag|Switzerland}}
| discovery_status = Published<ref name=udry />
}}
{{Planetbox end}}


'''Gliese 581 d''' ({{pronEng|ˈgliːzə}}) is an [[extrasolar planet]] approximately 20 [[light-year]]s away in the [[constellation]] of [[Libra (constellation)|Libra]]. Because of its mass, the planet is classified as a [[super-Earth]] planet. Because the planet orbits in the outer edge of its parent star's [[habitable zone]], it is thought that the planet may be similar to [[Earth]].
The statement that it usually confers immunity needs explanation. I personally had it 3 times before my early teens though only doctors confirmation of its presense by 3 previously un-noted spots plus cough, made me aware of what final minor attack was. (Doctor was treating my sister when I wandered by coughing and muttering about feeling feverish). What is more significant however is that next sentence specifically states that virus can be reactivated. Not much immunity there then! JDN <small>—Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/216.31.202.145|216.31.202.145]] ([[User talk:216.31.202.145|talk]]) 14:36, 31 March 2008 (UTC)</small><!-- Template:UnsignedIP --> <!--Autosigned by SineBot-->


== Reye's Syndrome ==
== Discovery ==


The planet was discovered by the team of [[Stéphane Udry]] of the [[Geneva Observatory]] in [[Switzerland]] using the [[HARPS]] instrument on the [[European Southern Observatory]] 3.6 [[meter]] [[telescope]] in [[La Silla]], [[Chile]] on 24 [[April 2007]]. Udry's team employed the [[radial velocity]] technique, in which the size and [[mass]] of a [[planet]] are determined based on the small perturbations it induces in its parent star’s [[orbit]] via [[gravity]].
I've added a sentence warning against the use of aspirin in childhood chickenpox due to the risk of Reye's syndrome. I'm not a doctor, but this advice is all over the [[aspirin]] and [[Reye's Syndrome]] pages, amongst others. <small>—The preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment was added by [[Special:Contributions/{{{IP|{{{User|163.1.188.27}}}}}}|{{{IP|{{{User|163.1.188.27}}}}}}]] ([[User talk:{{{IP|{{{User|163.1.188.27}}}}}}|talk]]) {{{Time|22:16, August 23, 2007 (UTC)}}}</small><!-- Template:UnsignedIP --> <!--Autosigned by SineBot-->


The team is confident that the planet exists but recognizes that unlikely events could mimic its existence. They believe the issue will be settled by upcoming studies.
== Reason for severity in adulthood ==
One of the notable aspects of Chicken Pox is how it's safer for kids to get it than it is for adults. s barely any mention of this in the article, some reference to shingles... but I can't establish from looking through it '''why''' it's less severe for kids.


Dynamical simulations of the Gliese 581 system assuming that the orbits of the three planets are [[coplanarity|coplanar]] show that the system becomes unstable if its component masses are so high as to correspond to an overall inclination angle of 10° or less.<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://cdsads.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?2008A%26A...479..277B&db_key=AST&nosetcookie=1|author=Beust, H. et al.|title=Dynamical evolution of the Gliese 581 planetary system|journal=[[Astronomy and Astrophysics]]|volume=479|issue=1|year=2008|pages=277–282|doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20078794|accessdate=2008-08-20}}</ref> For Gliese 581 d, the upper bound of its mass must be half that of 581 b; that is, 581 d's maximum is 45 Earth masses.<ref>Dividing the m sin i by "Sin(10/180 * PI)" on a radian-configured processor.</ref> At this mass it must be held together with a central heavy-element core like Saturn and maybe even [[HD 149026 b]].
Can someone with the know-how introduce an explaination for this is a prominent position? It seems highly relevant but not so well covered.


== Climate and habitability ==
[[User:TheGreatFoo|TheGreatFoo]] 18:08, 24 April 2006 (UTC)


Although Gliese 581 d orbits outside the theoretical [[habitable zone]] of its star, scientists surmise that conditions on the planet may be conducive to supporting life.<ref>[http://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/070618_mm_gliese_581d.html SPACE.com - Hopes Dashed for Life on Distant Planet<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref>{{cite journal|url=http://cdsads.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?2007A%26A...476.1365V&db_key=AST&nosetcookie=1|title=The Habitability of Super-Earths in Gliese 581|author=von Bloh, W.; Bounama, C.; Cuntz, M.; Franck, S.|journal=[[Astronomy & Astrophysics]]|volume=476|pages=1365 – 1371|doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20077939|accessdate=2008-08-18}}</ref> Scientists originally believed that Gliese 581 d would be too cold for [[liquid]] [[water]] to exist, and therefore could not support [[life]] in forms as existing on Earth. However, since Earth's temperature would be about -18°C without any greenhouse gases,{{Fact|date=September 2008}} and due to a theorized [[greenhouse effect]] of Gliese 581 d, research now suggests that [[atmospheric]] conditions on the planet could create [[temperature]]s at which liquid water can exist, and therefore the planet may be capable of supporting life.<ref>http://lwf.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/globalwarming.html#q1</ref>{{Fact|date=September 2008}}
I agree. I have no idea either though. I got chicken pox when I was just a teenager (13 or 14), and I was VERY VERY sick. By far the worst pain I have endured. My mom got it too, and she was even worse than I was. [[User:Malamockq|Malamockq]] 15:46, 24 August 2006 (UTC)


== References ==
Clinical studies show that chicken pox is much much wosre in adults. Why? There isn't enough knowledge about the immune system for "MODERN MEDICINE" to know why. This is a bulletin for the world: Medical Science is limited in their knowledge. They have just begun to scratch the surface. foo, you were very very sick because you were not a child. Children have milder symptoms the younger they are. And of course your mother was even worse off than you. Seems logical doesn't it? Why? We don't know yet.[[User:Alburger]] 22:44, 9 November 2006
{{reflist|2}}


== External links ==
== Notation on sources people have been using ==


{{commonscat|Gliese 581}}
When I made an edit to format the references section from some jump links previously there, I noticed that the inital block quote on chickenpox history was taken from a testimony page arguing against mandatory vaccination. The person originally posting it as though it was from a fact page by a medical association didn't previously make that clear. I question whether that sort of essay should have been used for history but I haven't removed the quotation. Someone else who finds a good history from a more authoritative source than that can change it later. The testimony essays like the one someone pulled the block quote from are listed at [http://www.aapsonline.org/test.htm AAPS Testimony]. It also appears that the history section was taken from a doctor's "question and answer" page rather than a more authoritative source. I did add a reference I found on my own to to a Journal of the American Medical Association article and an external link to a CDC page. [[User:Bebop|Bebop]] 16:20, 16 October 2005 (UTC)


* {{cite web |url=http://exoplanet.eu/planet.php?p1=Gl+581&p2=d |title=Notes for planet Gl 581 d |accessdate=2008-07-15 |work=The Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia |publisher= |date= }}
== Critical views of vaccination ==
Views critical of vaccination, although certainly in the minority these days, are nevertheless substantial and vocal enough, and have made enough valid points that their view should be represented. Suppression of information belongs to socities that engage in book burning and other similar activities, IMHO. Louis Pasteur himself was in a minuscule and ridculized minority when he advocated vaccination; he was vindicated by experimental results and therefore by history, but supressing his views then, as supressing the views of present day vaccination critics is negative, unproductive and shameful. People seeking information on vaccination and its pros and cons should have access to all significant POV's on the matter. [[User:Intersofia|Intersofia]] 21:11, 3 November 2005 (UTC)


[[Category:Extrasolar planets]]
:I don't appreciate your comparison with book burning. Using Louis Pasteur is a strawman. Of course criticism of vaccination must be mentioned, but whale.to is lunacy. If Ombudsman could produce a source that does not sound like a conspiracy theorist on acid perhaps there would be grounds for agreement. [[User:Jfdwolff|JFW]]&nbsp;|&nbsp;[[User_talk:Jfdwolff|<small>T@lk</small>]] 21:28, 3 November 2005 (UTC)
[[Category:Libra constellation]]
:: Well, calling whale.to lunacy, is of course, in itself, a POV. Perhaps they are more extreme than others. I tend to be an inclusionist, so deleting information that is at least properly framed (the link I had restored clearly said it was a site with negative views on vaccination) is distasteful to me, so sorry if you took offense on the book burning bit. But I'm sure said people who burned books also termed them things like "lunatic" etc. [[User:Intersofia|Intersofia]] 01:38, 4 November 2005 (UTC)
[[Category:Super-Earths]]
[[Category:Terrestrial planets]]
[[Category:Exoplanets discovered in 2007]]


[[cy:Gliese 581 d]]
:Intersofia, please be advised that placing an external link is not the same as mentioning views. The former is a random act, the latter is actual encyclopedia editing. External links are a bit of an NPOV-free zone. If your reasoning was correct we should also have external links to advocacy grounds ''in favour'' of vaccinating, which are presently lacking. I have removed the link with this in mind. [[User:Jfdwolff|JFW]]&nbsp;|&nbsp;[[User_talk:Jfdwolff|<small>T@lk</small>]] 21:38, 3 November 2005 (UTC)
[[de:Gliese 581 d]]
:: Why not include them ? It would enrichen the page. You're of course welcome to include them. They are explicitly labeled as "External" links for that reason, of course, as you very correctly point out, they are an NPOV free zone. The world is out there. There are different views on things. As long as it is clear that those links leave the POV-neutral wikipedia zone, I see no cause for alarm. [[User:Intersofia|Intersofia]] 01:38, 4 November 2005 (UTC)
[[es:Gliese 581 d]]

[[fr:Gliese 581 d]]
:Intersofia -- the page you are looking for is [[Vaccine controversy]], which has a wide variety of links to webpages critical of vaccination. There is also a brief summary of the topic at [[Vaccine]], with a link to the more specific topic. It is neither necessary nor appropriate to clutter individual disease pages with antivaccination websites. --[[User:Arcadian|Arcadian]] 22:59, 3 November 2005 (UTC)
[[ko:글리제 581 d]]
:: Seems reasonable. Then there should be a link to that article, I will check to make sure there is. [[User:Intersofia|Intersofia]] 01:38, 4 November 2005 (UTC)
[[it:Gliese 581 d]]

[[lt:Gliese 581 d]]
::: And it is. Fair enough. Still feel though that an External Links Section (which by definition people understand may take them to the wild world of extreme opinions) enrichens any page, and certainly pro / con links should be included. [[User:Intersofia|Intersofia]] 01:45, 4 November 2005 (UTC)
[[nl:Gliese 581 d]]

[[ja:グリーゼ581d]]
:::: It appears that a few persons are in the habit of removing links to information which is critical of vaccines and vaccination based on the perception that such infromation is "fringe" or "extreme" or "anti-vaccine", all three of which appear to be somewhat interchangeable. This world-view appears to somehow coincide with blanket categorization of vaccine info to "pro" or "anti", something which does not seem like a useful information model in general, nor for vaccines specifically. Neither does this POV seem neutral or very rational (though it may well be internally coherent and logical if one equates "anti-vaccine" with "fringe"). [[User:Jkpjkp|Jkpjkp]] 17:53, 6 November 2005 (UTC)
[[pl:Gliese 581 d]]

[[ru:Глизе 581 d]]
::::: To return to the issue of whether it's good to include links like the one to whale.to, can someone provide some pointers on NPOV and the External links section in Wikipedia policies, style guides, wikiquette or some other document like that, if any exist? Is there something that suggests that external links to sites like whale.to should not be in Wikipedia? [[User:Jkpjkp|Jkpjkp]] 18:04, 6 November 2005 (UTC)
[[fi:Gliese 581 d]]

[[sv:Gliese 581 d]]
:::::: [[Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not]] states: "There is nothing wrong with adding a list of content-relevant links to an article; however, excessive lists can dwarf articles and detract from the purpose of Wikipedia." Eg. the [[Chickepox]] article has only on external link, so adding another hardly makes the link list excessive. [[User:Jkpjkp|Jkpjkp]] 18:13, 6 November 2005 (UTC)

I have a question: the article states that the vaccine first became available in 1995, yet, later on, it says that people vaccinated thirty years ago are still showing immunity. I would guess that this arises from two different people editing, but it's still an issue that needs to be fixed.

I have an answer: became available for public use in the US in 1995. First used/tested in 1975.


There is a large error in your reporting about the danger of the chickenpox vaccine. You write that "there have been no deaths as of yet." According to the National Vaccine Information Center:

"Can Chickenpox Vaccine Cause Injury and Death?

Yes. Between March 1995 and July 1998, the federal Vaccine Adverse Events Reporting System (VAERS) received 6,574 reports of health problems after chickenpox vaccination. That translates into 67.5 adverse events per 100,000 doses of vaccine or one in 1,481 vaccinations. About four percent of cases (about 1 in 33,000 doses) were serious including shock, encephalitis, thrombocytopenia (blood disorder) and 14 deaths."

14 deaths between March 1995 and July 1998! Be careful what the vaccine manufacturers want you to believe! You also state "the vaccine is exceedingly safe." Also from the NVIC:

"The VAERS data has led to the addition of 17 adverse events to the manufacturer's product label since the vaccine was licensed in 1995, including secondary bacterial infections (cellulitis), secondary transmission of vaccine virus infection to close contacts, transverse myelitis and Guillain Barre syndrome (brain disorders) and herpes zoster (shingles). There have been documented cases of transmission of vaccine virus from a vaccinated child to household contacts, including a pregnant woman. A study in 2002 confirmed that adults exposed to natural chickenpox disease were protected from developing shingles and that there is concern that mass vaccination against chickenpox may cause a future epidemic of shingles, affecting more than 50 percent of Americans aged 10 to 44 years."

You need to verify your research on this matter. .[[User:Alburger]] 22:44, 9 November 2006

:: And how many unvaccinated people died of chickenpox in the same period? Without this information it is not clear whether the risk of the vaccine exceeds the risk of the illness [[User:Littlst|Littlst]] ([[User talk:Littlst|talk]]) 13:02, 13 December 2007 (UTC)

== Andrew Schlafly ==

I'm not sure why Andrew Schlafly is given such prominence here. He's simply a lawyer who uses his law expertise as a tool for antivaccine activism, which is somewhat of a family business: His mother, [[Phyllis Schlafly]], founder of [[Eagle Forum]], has written against mandatory vaccination, and his brother, Roger Schlafly, maintains his own antivaccine website: www.mindspring.com/~schlafly/vac/vaccfaq.htm. Their opposition seems to be based primarily on their being annoyed at government mandated vaccination, rather than the result of a dispassionate analysis of risks and benefits. - [[User:Nunh-huh|Nunh-huh]] 23:20, 1 December 2005 (UTC)

==Controversy Section==

I removed the following as it is poorly written and smacks of a conspiracy theory. If the proponents want to rewrite it, it could go back, but it requires some more solid scientific referencing and less conjecture. {{User|Maustrauser}} [[User:Maustrauser|Maustrauser]] 05:51, 1 January 2006 (UTC)

:: ===Controversey===

:: To the extent that the vaccine does indeed wear off prematurely, as with those who have indeed appeared to lose immunity after the estimated twenty years, forced immunization of children with the chickenpox vaccine is seen by many, even by some who normally accept the premise of forced vaccination as a valid government function, as a controversial risk to the next generation: they may reach adulthood and become vulnerable to the disease, when the vaccine wears off, precisely when it is most dangerous to them.

:: People who catch chickenpox as children are generally get through it healthy and become immune for life.

I agree with your assessment. This is likely to have been the work of one of our cherished vaccine skepticists. Without a source it is indeed unsustainable. [[User:Jfdwolff|JFW]]&nbsp;|&nbsp;[[User_talk:Jfdwolff|<small>T@lk</small>]] 03:38, 1 January 2006 (UTC)

:I've often pointed out that there are two ways of dealing with material in an article which ones finds imperfect:

:* One can ''fix'' the material, adding a reference if one is missing, changing the wording to neutral if it seems prejudiced. This is what good editors do. Wikipedia is supposed to be inclusive, giving information the benefit of the doubt.

:or

:* One can DELETE the material, thus excluding any value it has along with its alleged flaw. This is, typically, the behavior of PoV editors pimping their own agenda. They don't ''really'' want the information present in any form, and are quite eager to find an objection and then, rather than fix the "problem", just silence it altogether.

:Notice which path was taken here.

: This is abhorrent behavior in any Wikipedia editor.

:Here is a tiny fraction of the references you could have found, if you actually cared:

<table cellpadding="8" width="66%"><tr><td style="background-color:#eeffff">Prior to the development of the varicella (chickenpox) vaccine, the disease was widely recognized to be one of the most benign illnesses. For example, Encyclopedia of Medicine of the American Medical Association stated in 1989 that chickenpox is a "common and mild infectious disease of childhood" and that "all healthy children should be exposed to chickenpox … at an age at which it is no more than an inconvenience." Likewise, the American Academy of Pediatrics declared in a 1996 brochure that "[m]ost children who are otherwise healthy and get chickenpox won't have any complications from the disease."

Indeed, the chickenpox fatality rate is among the lowest of all known diseases, with only about 100 dying out of millions who contract chickenpox each year. Moreover, most of those fatalities are in adults rather than children. For example, a study published in the British Medical Journal on July 27, 2002, confirmed that 81% of the deaths attributable to chickenpox over a recent 12-year period in Britain were adults, not children. [http://www.aapsonline.org/stateis/njvac.htm]
</td></tr></table>
<table cellpadding="8" width="66%"><tr><td style="background-color:#ffffee">
Chickenpox Vaccine Linked with Shingles Epidemic

New research published in the International Journal of Toxicology (IJT) by Gary S. Goldman, Ph.D., reveals high rates of shingles (herpes zoster) in Americans since the government's 1995 recommendation that all children receive chicken pox vaccine. Goldman's research supports that shingles, which results in three times as many deaths and five times the number of hospitalizations as chicken pox, is suppressed naturally by occasional contact with chicken pox.

Dr. Goldman's findings have corroborated other independent researchers who estimate that if chickenpox were to be nearly eradicated by vaccination, the higher number of shingles cases could continue in the U.S. for up to 50 years; and that while death rates from chickenpox are already very low, any deaths prevented by vaccination will be offset by deaths from increasing shingles disease. Another recent peer-reviewed article authored by Dr. Goldman and published in Vaccine presents a cost-benefit analysis of the universal chicken pox (varicella) vaccination program. Goldman points out that during a 50-year time span, there would be an estimated additional 14.6 million (42%) shingles cases among adults aged less than 50 years, presenting society with a substantial additional medical cost burden of $4.1 billion. This translates into $80 million annually, utilizing an estimated mean healthcare provider cost of $280 per shingles case.[http://www.herpesdoctor.com/node/506]
</td></tr></table>
<table cellpadding="8" width="66%"><tr><td style="background-color:#eeffff">
Profits, Not Science, Drive Vaccine Mandates

Kristine M. Severyn, RPh., PhD

While providing lifelong immunity, chickenpox disease carries a very low risk of complications and death. Writing in the British medical journal, The Lancet, Dr. Arthur Lavin, Department of Pediatrics, St. Luke's Medical Center in Cleveland, Ohio, presented concerns that "argue strongly against the licensure of varicella vaccine for healthy children." Dr. Lavin asserted: "[Chickenpox] is not major in the sense of disease mortality or morbidity...Therefore, if healthy children were fully vaccinated it is unclear in what significant way the health of the children or the economic health of their families would be improved."(5)[http://www.haciendapub.com/severyn.html]
</td></tr></table>
<table cellpadding="8" width="66%"><tr><td style="background-color:#ffffee">
Chickenpox Vaccine Increases Risk for Shingles
Scientists said on Thursday that vaccinating children against chickenpox (varicella) could increase the risk that adults would develop shingles, a painful blistering rash that is potentially dangerous in the elderly.

The team, at Britain's Public Health Laboratory Service (PHLS), said that although vaccination would save thousands of lives over time, thousands of elderly people could also die from the complications of shingles, known as herpes zoster.

Writing in the journal Vaccine, they called for a re-evaluation of the policy of mass chickenpox vaccination that has been introduced already in the United States and is imminent in many other countries. In 1995, the chickenpox vaccine was approved for use in children over 1 year of age in the US and is now required for school entry[http://www.mercola.com/2002/may/29/chickenpox_vaccine.htm]
</td></tr></table>
<table cellpadding="8" width="66%"><tr><td style="background-color:#eeffff">
This summary stated the following opponents' views:

* Chickenpox disease is a mild, childhood illness, rarely leading to complications and threat of serious complications is insufficient to justify government intervention; vaccine's risks outweighs disease risks;

* Right and responsibility of parent over the state to determine vaccination because parents bear vaccinations' consequences

* Objection to mandatory chickenpox vaccination; mandatory vaccination would push chickenpox virus into adults

* Vaccine's effectiveness not established through peer-reviewed, published research but through vaccine manufacturer funding;

* Vaccinated children getting chickenpox;

* Vaccine's fetal tissue would cause parents to go against their ethical and moral principles;

* Process for medical or religious exemption arduous and demeaning; need for philosophical exemption;

* Doctors' lack of reporting vaccines' adverse reactions;

* Financial conflicts of interest of Illinois Immunization Advisory Committee members.
[http://www.vaccineawareness.org/PressReleases/3-14-01_BoardofHealth.html]
</td></tr></table>
<table cellpadding="8" width="66%"><tr><td cellpadding="8" style="background-color:#ffffee">
Chickenpox Vaccine Not as Effective as Thought - planetc1.com-news@10:15 am PST

By Michael Dorausch, D.C.

One Dose, two Dose, three dose, four, five dose, six dose, seven doses more... just how many chickenpox vaccine injections does it take to prevent one from actually getting Chickenpox?

...

Dr Amal Al Jowder, Health Ministry Health Education Chief says...
* Adults who caught chickenpox before can rest in comfort that they are forever immune from the viral infection.
* Chickenpox is a self-limited viral disease which goes by itself, whether treated or not.
* People need not be concerned about it as it is a benign disease.
* As it is a viral disease, antibiotics may not work. Infected people will be cured with or without treatment within two to three weeks.
* The disease is mild when contracted by children, but could be severe for adults.
* Once infected, he/she acquires lifelong immunity against the disease.
* Vaccination against chickenpox is available in some private hospitals and clinics in Bahrain.

</td></tr></table>

I am therefore restoring and ''expanding'' the Controversey section, it turns out that the issue is a bigger deal than the section was implying, up to now. Since, of course, you're NOT a PoV editor trying to censor information you don't like, I'm sure you won't object at all.[[User:Kazvorpal|Kaz]] 07:17, 2 January 2006 (UTC)

:If there is indeed controversy then of course we should mention it, but without sources material (especially volatile material) can be moved to the talkpage for discussion. This is what happened, and if you find this abhorrent then perhaps you should examine policy. Unsourced material, sometimes very weird, abounds on Wikipedia, and I have better things to do than find sources for other people's work. That's what the talk page is for.

:You are free to reinsert the controversy section with [[WP:CITE|authoratitive sources]] (individual speakers/writers speaking ''a titre personnel'' may not be a notable voice). [[User:Jfdwolff|JFW]]&nbsp;|&nbsp;[[User_talk:Jfdwolff|<small>T@lk</small>]] 12:57, 6 January 2006 (UTC)

I removed:

::Additional controversy has arisen because cell lines derived from aborted [[fetal tissue]] were used in its development, and thus violates the ethics and beliefs of people who oppose the use of aborted fetal tissue in medical research. Its packaging literally warns that it may contain fetal tissue remnants. [http://statenews.org/story_page.cfm?ID=3344&year=2004&month=5]

owing to this not being a concern internationally. Perhaps it is only a US concern. If so, then that should be stated. This is an international encyclopedia and not one solely for the benefit of US citizens. I hardly call the reference authoratative either! [[User:Maustrauser|Maustrauser]] 21:54, 6 January 2006 (UTC)

:That is the most laughable rationale for censorship I've seen here yet. It's bad enough that a couple people are trying to turn the article into a pro-vaccine blog, censoring documentation of controversey and using completely PoV wording, but to pretend that anything specifically of concern to the country which contains the majority of the world's natively English-speaking population should somehow be censored from an article is utterly insane. Perhaps we should just go remove all of the American television-show articles, too. And all that nonsense about presidential candidates, the alcohol prohibition...and the list of American political scandals is right out. [[User:Kazvorpal|Kaz]] 00:23, 7 January 2006 (UTC)

:: I'd have no objection if the author had bothered to indicate that it was a US problem, but no, it is written blindly as though it is a world problem. NPOV means writing for the audience of the world, not the audience of the USA. I'm delighted to keep all the US Television articles, US Presidential candidates etc, if they are identified as US. Do you want me filling up ENCYCLOPEDIC articles with Australian stuff of no relevance to the world without indicating that it is Australian? I suspect not. As for comment that because something should be included because it comes from the country with the majority of the world's native English speaking people, then I suspect you are supporting the tyranny of the majority over the minority. Didn't a US President have something to say about that? I'd also made the point that the reference in question was to simply a US political website. Hardly neutral or authoritative. [[User:Maustrauser|Maustrauser]] 06:08, 7 January 2006 (UTC)

==C-ch-ch-changes==
*"Chickenpox parties are not an "effect" of chickenpox and don't belong under "Effects'

:<blockquote>It is not uncommon for parents to have "chickenpox parties", where their children are invited to play with a child who has chickenpox, in the hopes that all of them will therefore gain permanant immunity before adulthood.</blockquote>

Of course it ''is'' uncommon.

*" due to medical resistence in other countries": or due to unavailability of vaccine or social factors or due to the fact that those not vaccinating are youg parents who have never seen anyone die of an infectious disease, or any of many equally supported hypotheses: there's no reason to believe "resistance" (with an "a") is the sole or primary reason, or that the resistance is "medical".
*Similarly, "because of its controversial nature, " is unsupported.

*, though the rate of shingles infection has increased for the same reason. (cite)? - 08:48, 2 January 2006 (UTC)

:There are links to solid, peer-reviewed evidence of the vaccine-caused increase in shingles infection, and the controversial nature of the vaccine, further down in the article, where it is addressed in detail. And there are more above. [[User:Kazvorpal|Kaz]] 21:31, 2 January 2006 (UTC)

Your references do not seem to support the points that you say they support. There's more to fix, still. - [[User:Nunh-huh|Nunh-huh]] 22:53, 5 January 2006 (UTC)

::Hello, the article still reads anti-vaccination. I re-worded some POV. I also took out some non-chickenpox info. It still needs more work, not near feature article status.--[[User:FloNight|FloNight]] 02:37, 6 January 2006 (UTC)

No article with an anti-vaccination editor patrolling it is likely to achieve featured status. Welcome to one of those timesinks on Wikipedia where every attempt at NPOV is called "censorship". [[User:Jfdwolff|JFW]]&nbsp;|&nbsp;[[User_talk:Jfdwolff|<small>T@lk</small>]] 16:10, 11 January 2006 (UTC)

==Article Clarification Needed==
"A chickenpox vaccine has been available '''since 1995'''..." & "...there are now persons vaccinated '''more than thirty years ago''' with no evidence of waning immunity." [[User:Pattersonc|Pattersonc]] 04:26, 25 January 2006 (UTC)

== Immuno-suppression as controversy component ==
This has got a bit mushed up and while I can see the point, it isn't made well. (I suspect it is also quite wrong, if one does the arithmetic - risk of exposure * risk of death if exposed for population immunised vs population not-immunised, I might come back to that but if an epidemiologist is around ....)

"Catching chickenpox as a child through conventional means tends to result in lifelong immunity, and exposure of adults to children so infected protects adults from other varicella-related diseases, like shingles[2] . Second episodes of chickenpox are rare, but do occur, in both vaccine and naturally acquired immunity, but far more often from the vaccine; in one study, 30% of children had lost the antibody after five years, and 8% had already caught "wild" chickenpox in that five year period[3]. The mortality rate in immunocompromised patients with disseminated herpes zoster is 5-15%, with most deaths from pneumonia. The vaccine, unfortunately, is less effective among these high-risk patients, as well as being more dangerous because it is an attenuated live virus (see last footnote)."

The argument - if there is to be an argument advnaced rather than a random piling of facts that sound bad without a serious effort to connect them together - has to be around:-
<pre>
the effectiveness of the vaccine in the immunocompromised || It will be more effective if they had it
|| before they got immunocompromised
|| hence vaccinate everyone, in case.

the risk of the immunocompromised being exposed || is greater if wild Varicella is circulating
|| and greatest if that circulation is all that
|| produces population immunity

the age at which people get immunocompromised relative || bad news for childhood Leukaemics
tot eh age they get their first and protective || and perhaps leukaemic parents of spotty children.
wild Varicella infection || (see row one)

</pre>

It is complicated. I suspect it has been modelled. [[User:Midgley|Midgley]] 11:55, 28 January 2006 (UTC)
:Hello [[User:Midgley|Midgley]]:) This article has been the focus of anti-vaccine pov editors. I stop by and revert edits and re-write occassionally, others do it much more often. That's why it reads bumpy. If it's stable now, a good re-write is needed to make it read smoother. If you take the lead, I'll help. I'm sure other will help, too. --[[User:FloNight|FloNight]] 21:21, 28 January 2006 (UTC)


== Pox Parties ==
Brought in from a page of that name that had been languishing, possibly loved but not very. I propose a box - bring ing the mention of it out of th text and into a slight prominence - giving it independence from the article it is within. WHen I work out how to do boxes. [[User:Midgley|Midgley]] 20:01, 3 February 2006 (UTC)

---> main page box [[User:Midgley|Midgley]] 20:53, 3 February 2006 (UTC)

Since 1995 Chickenpox immunisation has been routine in the U.S. but not Canada or the UK. (See [[Chickenpox#Vaccination|Chickenpox]]
'''Efficacy:''' The vaccine adequately immunises 70-90% of recipients, attenuating symptoms in those who do later contract the disease.{{Fact|date=April 2008}}
Women should be immune before pregnant, thus should be immunised before [[menarche]]. (See [[Chickenpox]])
Children are commonly said to have a milder course of the disease than adults. (See [[Chickenpox]])

== Principal Complications of (Wild) Chickenpox ==
see also [[Chickenpox#complications]]
*Death or neurological damage: 0.002% of infected children.{{Fact|date=April 2008}}
*[[Shingles]] - a recrudescence of virus dormant in a nerve ganglion, with eruption in the distribution of that nerve, pain and commonly scarring. A proportion of people will retain the wild virus, of whom a proportion will develop shingles. The vaccine virus is not reported to do this.
==External links==
* [http://www.guardian.co.uk/health/story/0,3605,527421,00.html The return of the measles party]
* [http://www.canada.com/vancouver/vancouversun/news/arts/story.html?id=82330c4b-3f1b-4f1c-9436-4bffe343712a Playing chicken: Some parents want children to catch chicken pox]

I'll merge it in. [[User:Midgley|Midgley]] 02:52, 3 February 2006 (UTC)

== group at risk from virus ==

I deleted the remark that as 55% of the deaths in the US were in the over 20 group this group was in special danger from the virus.

Think it through - if we live even to 60, there are twice as many in the over 20 group as the under 20. SO if there was a special risk, there would be more than 67% of deaths in the over 20 group. Since we live to something heading for 80, the figure would need to be on the order of 75%.

What I have not done is to check the figure of 55%, but as given, that figure indicates that children are more likely to die from Chikenpox than adults (while Zoster is more lethal and occurs in adults, mainly, but may be confounded by there being a cause fot hat to happen). Along the lines of that argument, even if immunity only lasts until you are over 20, and the over 20s are safer from death, then immunisation looks beneficial. 01:07, 24 February 2006 (UTC)

== From [[Talk:Pox party]] ==

[[Pox party]] now redirects to [[Chickenpox]]. I'm changing [[Talk:Pox party]] into a redirect to this talkpage. Discussions from that page before the move are as followed:
===Why?===
Why was this deleted?
Pox Parties are, though maybe horrendeous, in existence.--[[User:SoothingR|SoothingR]] 13:31, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
: Replied on your talk page. -- [[User:PFHLai|PFHLai]] 13:42, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
:: It's now undeleted. Please fix it up if you can. Thank you. -- [[User:PFHLai|PFHLai]] 14:20, 1 October 2005 (UTC)

=== Anne A. Gershon quote ===

Does anyone have a source for her quote? [[User:Slicing|Slicing]] 07:50, 28 November 2005 (UTC)

=== Better to merge it into Chickenpox ===

This bitch ass article is not very good, and it isn't very much what I expect in an encyclopedia.

As a paragraph, or sentence, in an article on the disease, along with a note on attenuating the disease in susceptible people exposed to it, it seems more useful.[[User:Midgley|Midgley]] 15:03, 24 January 2006 (UTC)

:I have added the merge tag to this article, however I would actually oppose a merge, there is enough information (or at least the capacity for information) to justify an article on this. [[User:QmunkE|QmunkE]] 17:15, 24 January 2006 (UTC)
:Thanks. Almost everything about this paragraph, for instance, is below par if not definitely wrong:-
::Any child who has been infected with the chicken pox will retain the virus in their bodies for their entire life— it "hides" in the peripheral nervous system—and is subject to reactivation later in life in the form of shingles, a painful and debilitating skin lesion. Women who are present at such a "party" risk fetal malformation, and have increased susceptibility to varicella pneumonia (and death) during pregnancy. It reminds me of the old navigational advice - better start from somewhere else.[[User:Midgley|Midgley]] 22:36, 26 January 2006 (UTC)

Parking
"Imagine losing a child because you were dumb enough to bring him to a pox party," [[Anne A. Gershon]], a professional{{Fact|date=April 2008}} on the subject, says.

There is already a paragraph on parties in Controversy in [[Chickenpox]] [[User:Midgley|Midgley]] 23:18, 26 January 2006 (UTC)

=== right... boldly going, ===
to Chickenpox.

(End of text from Talk:Pox party]].) -- [[User:PFHLai|PFHLai]] 20:25, 8 March 2006 (UTC)

== Pox parties ==

That is really a bit of a sideshow - making it a section rather than a boxout or sidebar seems to me to put it more in the flow of the article than it needs to be or is best. I tend to like boxes and sidebars though. [[User:Midgley|Midgley]] 17:37, 6 April 2006 (UTC)

== Capitalization? ==

Is there any reason that all disease names are capitalized in this article? I'd change it myself but I don't want to turn around and find out that is a rule dependent on the flavor/flavour of English or something along those lines. --[[User:Bletch|Bletch]] 13:07, 24 April 2006 (UTC)

== Surprise (absence of) over number (absent) ==

I made a couple of edits - there is a list of reports of adverse reactions one of which is allergy to gelatin, which is interesting, but lacks that vital element of surprise... I removed teh assertion that there were a ''surprising'' number of adverse events reported in the literature, because even without my being able to read Russian like the IP address who added one reference, it does not look to me as though the number - th total reports - whch we are not given is going to be big enough to surprise me. I'm assuming that my threshold for surprise is a reasonable average for the community. If the ratio of reports to immunisations is surprising, eg by being say 10 times the rate for eg Tetanus or Rubella, or for some reason we should be surprised that there are any reports, then I'd l;ove to see it, and it could reasonably go into the article as an invitation to surprise us all. ALternatively, if there is an article in a peer reviewed journal, even in Russian, that says the authors are surprised by the number ... that is eminently citeable, isn't it. OK? [[User:Midgley|Midgley]] 22:03, 24 May 2006 (UTC)

== Copyed text ==

I removed the following paragraph. The information had already been given above, and it had been copied directly from it's source.

''The contagious period for chickenpox begins about 2 days before the rash appears and lasts until all the blisters are crusted over. A child with chickenpox should be kept out of school until all of the blisters have dried, which is usually about 1 week, but you do not have to wait until all the scabs fall off to let your child get back to a normal schedule.<!--
-->[http://kidshealth.org/parent/infections/skin/chicken_pox.html]'' [[User:PrometheusX303|PrometheusX303]] 04:13, 28 June 2006 (UTC)

== Aborted fetuses ==

Don't bite me, this was my first edit. I came to wikipedia specifically to find out if the whole aborted fetuses in the varicella vaccine thing was true or not. I saw that it was in here once, but someone took it out because it wasn't "international," whatever that means. Well I put it back in with a link to the CDC.gov website, because it is a controversy about the vaccine that belongs in the article. I didn't put in the comment about how it "literally says on the label" whatever because I can't verify that.
[[User:71.196.31.6|71.196.31.6]] 04:04, 18 August 2006 (UTC)Leigh


According to the BUPA website;

"Pregnant women who get chickenpox or shingles have a higher than normal risk of developing pneumonia. In rare cases, an unborn child exposed to varicella zoster can be damaged or may be miscarried."

http://hcd2.bupa.co.uk/fact_sheets/Mosby_factsheets/shingles.html


To say that "Pregnant women not known to be immune and who come into contact with chickenpox may need urgent treatment as the virus can cause serious problems for the fetus" as quoted from wikikpedia, is excessively alarmist and may cause a pregnant woman reading to be put in a major panic, when calm caution is required.
:Furthermore, there is no mention of what "urgent treatment" may entail. Acyclovir is not recommended for pregnant women as it can cause serious birth defects. Tylenol and calamine lotion hardly seems like "urgent treatment".[[User:Hillgiant|Hillgiant]] 17:59, 5 December 2006 (UTC)
::Actually if a pregnant woman is exposed to Varicella (Chicken Pox) then passive immunity can be conferred using Varicella Zoster Immune Globulin (VZIG). This makes it much less likely that she will develop chicken pox. Unlike many other infections chicken pox is not teratogenic (causing birth defects) but is most dangerous in the last trimester. There is a window (96 hours) in which VZIG is most effective so time is a factor although "urgent" may be overstating it a bit... <small>—Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/66.152.221.72|66.152.221.72]] ([[User talk:66.152.221.72|talk]]) 16:34, 11 May 2008 (UTC)</small><!-- Template:UnsignedIP --> <!--Autosigned by SineBot-->

== chicken pox ==

for all thoes with chicken pox.. I have found that Watermelon is the only thing that relieved the symptoms and prevents the spots from increasing.. it has worked with both my children.. <small>—The preceding [[Wikipedia:Sign your posts on talk pages|unsigned]] comment was added by [[Special:Contributions/86.129.71.15|86.129.71.15]] ([[User talk:86.129.71.15|talk]]) 09:23, 9 December 2006 (UTC).</small><!-- HagermanBot Auto-Unsigned -->

The chicken poxs are not bad and even though they itch you should not be afraid to get them got it good.
20:39, 27 March 2007 (UTC)


I remember my own mother taking me to a pox party.I cried and cried but finally i settled down and enjoied myself at this party.i didn't want to go.I got a horrible case of chicken pox because i itched,drank from the same cup,and licked the mouth and pox of the infected girl. I let her cough, sneeze and spit in my mouth and kiss me on the lips.I was wrappd up in a towel that had the pussy of the pox on it.My 11 year old twin sister did the same.In fact, we liked this party so much, we turned it into a two day sleep-over.My sister and I had a bad case of chickenpox, we were out of school for a while, but we went to school before symptoms came,and about half our class got sick with the pox from us and other pox partiers.I was itching for days with no medication or treatment.I REGRET going to that pox party.I hated having the pox.

== weird data... ==

I'm not sure that the following sentence in the article makes sense...

"In the U.S., 55 percent of chickenpox deaths were in the over-20 age group. Every two years after that the percentage goes up 5 percent."

According to this statement, 60 percent of chickenpox deaths are in the over-22 age group (which is impossible if only 55% are older than 20) and 100 percent of chickenpox deaths are in the over-32 age group.

Another question, if 55% of chickenpox deaths are really in the over-20 age group, what % of chickenpox cases are in the over-20 age group?

[[User:Quiteokay|Quiteokay]] 08:03, 13 April 2007 (UTC)

== Text that was commented out in aricle moved here ==

The following text was disabled in the article text. Put it back there if it's supposed to be there. --[[User:Apoc2400|Apoc2400]] 13:09, 3 October 2007 (UTC)

Chickenpox is a rash caused by a virus. The chickenpox rash usually appears less than two weeks after exposure to the virus and begins as superficial spots. These spots quickly turn into small liquid-filled blisters that break open and crust over. New spots continue to appear for several days and may number in the hundreds. Itching may range from mild to intense.
The course of chickenpox will vary with each child, but a child generally will be sick with chickenpox for about 4-7 days. New blisters usually stop appearing by the 5th day, most are crusted by the 6th day, and most scabs are gone within 20 days after the rash begins. If complications set in, however, the recovery period may be even longer.


These are the most common symptoms of chicken pox:
o Mild fever. The fever varies between 101-o F to 105-o F and returns to normal when the blisters have disappeared.
o backache
o headache
o sore throat
o a rash (red spots)
o blisters filled with fluida and being gay

<ref>{{cite web | author=American Academy of Pediatrics | title=Varicella Immunization | url=http://www.cispimmunize.org/fam/chpox/chpximm.html | publisher=CDCP | accessdate=2006-08-18}}</ref>

==Death==

How does one exactly die from Chicken Pox? - [[User:Jigsy|.:. Jigsy .:.]] 16:17, 6 November 2007 (UTC)
:From complications. One of these as I recall is swelling of the brain ... [[User:Richi|richi]] 19:43, 6 November 2007 (UTC)
== WikiProject class rating==
This article was automatically assessed because at least one WikiProject had rated the article as stub, and the rating on other projects was brought up to Stub class. [[User:BetacommandBot|BetacommandBot]] 16:24, 10 November 2007 (UTC)

== Necrotising fasciitis ==
This is my first time writing something for a Wiki article so please don't shoot me. I followed the links given in the sources about the necrotising faciisis complication for children with chicken pox; it led me to two studies that illustrated that yes, children can develop flesh eating disease from chicken pox but it's extremely rare, (5 cases in one hospital from 1995-2001) and shouldn't be a concern for most children. Serious complications during chicken pox seems to be on the rise, according to that article, but the way the Wiki is worded, it sounds like parents should be on definite lookout for flesh eating disease if their kid gets chicken pox. There's no mention in the Wiki about how rare the flesh eating disease complication is and I think that should be included so as not to scare parents, like myself, who come to Wiki looking for information on how to help their child when they get chicken pox. It's very scary to see it right there in the article as a listed complication as if it's common when it's not. Thanks for reading. <small>—Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/24.109.46.104|24.109.46.104]] ([[User talk:24.109.46.104|talk]]) 17:58, 20 February 2008 (UTC)</small><!-- Template:UnsignedIP --> <!--Autosigned by SineBot-->
:I agree. It also seems to me that the citation didn't really address most of the "facts" in that graf, so I've edited it ... [[User:Richi|richi]] ([[User talk:Richi|talk]]) 22:37, 20 February 2008 (UTC)

== Home Treatment for Chicken Pox ==

While researching chicken pox and possible problems, etc., I realized it would be a good idea to give some "mom" advice about how to help children keep from scratching and also speed up the process of the pox. We've all heard about bathing a child in oatmeal soap baths but those are expensive and generally only 10% oatmeal. When my daughter had chicken pox, a very bad case of it, a friend with several children told me to put my daughter in the bath, lukewarm-warm water, and a sock filled with raw oats. The oats' oil brings out the pox faster and all but eliminates the itching. She had the pox so bad we thought she'd be scarred for life but she has only a tiny scar on her cheeck because she never scratched them. She was back in class in 5 days instead of the normal 10 days, according to her MD's "okay". <small>—Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/24.172.225.178|24.172.225.178]] ([[User talk:24.172.225.178|talk]]) 01:34, 29 February 2008 (UTC)</small><!-- Template:UnsignedIP --> <!--Autosigned by SineBot-->

== Geocentric introduction? ==

"Formerly one of the childhood infectious diseases caught by and survived by almost every child, its incidence had been reduced since the introduction and use of a varicella vaccine in 1995 in the U.S. and Canada to inoculate against the disease."

Isn't this a rather geocentric statement? AFAIK, it's not a common practice world-wide to use vaccine against this disease. <small>—Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/91.122.130.79|91.122.130.79]] ([[User talk:91.122.130.79|talk]]) 11:39, 20 March 2008 (UTC)</small><!-- Template:UnsignedIP --> <!--Autosigned by SineBot-->

==Article cluster==
For the record, the current article cluster relating to varicella zoster virus is:
*[[Varicella zoster virus]]
*[[Chickenpox]]
*[[Herpes zoster]] - rated GA
*[[Postherpetic neuralgia]]

Discussions of this cluster include:
*[[Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Medicine#Viruses and diseases]]

--[[User:Una Smith|Una Smith]] ([[User talk:Una Smith|talk]]) 20:30, 29 March 2008 (UTC)

== Diagnosis Section ==

I've started working on the Diagnosis section. I've never referenced before, so if I've screwed it up please tell me.[[User:Pdrowemd|Sisyphus]] ([[User talk:Pdrowemd|talk]]) 18:37, 31 March 2008 (UTC)

== Use of calamine lotion ==

In my experience using calamine lotion causes chickenpox to scar. I also used to work part time in a chemist where they stopped recommending calamine lotion for open wounds (like chickenpox once they have burst) for this very reason. Apparently it is because it is chalky and the chalky bits get into the wound and cause worse scarring than would otherwise occur. I think people should be warned about this in the wiki entry or at least that they shouldn't mention calamine lotion at all as a treatment proven or not. It may be safe in the sense that it will "only" cause scarring, but who wants scarring??[[Special:Contributions/58.106.72.35|58.106.72.35]] ([[User talk:58.106.72.35|talk]]) 09:22, 25 April 2008 (UTC)
:This is an encyclopedia, not a place for [[WP:NOR|original research]]. I might delete the above, since it's unsubstantiated. [[User:Orangemarlin|<font color="orange">'''Orange'''</font><font color="teal">'''Marlin'''</font>]] <small><sup>[[User talk:Orangemarlin|Talk•]] [[Special:Contributions/Orangemarlin|Contributions]]</sup></small> 04:45, 22 June 2008 (UTC)

== Adults who were exposed as children but never showed any symptoms. ==

I am a late 20's woman who was exposed to chicken pox as a child, yet I've never shown any symptoms. Now that I am nearing having children I am worried that I may be exposed and I could become very ill. Perhaps I was infected with the virus, but my immune system shut it down before the physical reaction could take effect (I've always had a high immune system). I've also heard that vaccinations can be dangerous for adults, yet I've read that chicken pox has put adults in hospitals. I'm conflicted.
<small>—Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/67.161.151.116|67.161.151.116]] ([[User talk:67.161.151.116|talk]]) 05:19, 21 June 2008 (UTC)</small><!-- Template:UnsignedIP --> <!--Autosigned by SineBot-->
:Well, this really isn't the place to discuss this, because you should seek medical advice from a physician. However, you should get Varivax, live varicella zoster immunization. By the way, I have no clue what a "high immune system" is. [[User:Orangemarlin|<font color="orange">'''Orange'''</font><font color="teal">'''Marlin'''</font>]] <small><sup>[[User talk:Orangemarlin|Talk•]] [[Special:Contributions/Orangemarlin|Contributions]]</sup></small> 04:44, 22 June 2008 (UTC)

Revision as of 21:29, 12 October 2008

Template:Planetbox begin Template:Planetbox image Template:Planetbox star Template:Planetbox orbit Template:Planetbox character Template:Planetbox discovery Template:Planetbox end

Gliese 581 d (Template:PronEng) is an extrasolar planet approximately 20 light-years away in the constellation of Libra. Because of its mass, the planet is classified as a super-Earth planet. Because the planet orbits in the outer edge of its parent star's habitable zone, it is thought that the planet may be similar to Earth.

Discovery

The planet was discovered by the team of Stéphane Udry of the Geneva Observatory in Switzerland using the HARPS instrument on the European Southern Observatory 3.6 meter telescope in La Silla, Chile on 24 April 2007. Udry's team employed the radial velocity technique, in which the size and mass of a planet are determined based on the small perturbations it induces in its parent star’s orbit via gravity.

The team is confident that the planet exists but recognizes that unlikely events could mimic its existence. They believe the issue will be settled by upcoming studies.

Dynamical simulations of the Gliese 581 system assuming that the orbits of the three planets are coplanar show that the system becomes unstable if its component masses are so high as to correspond to an overall inclination angle of 10° or less.[1] For Gliese 581 d, the upper bound of its mass must be half that of 581 b; that is, 581 d's maximum is 45 Earth masses.[2] At this mass it must be held together with a central heavy-element core like Saturn and maybe even HD 149026 b.

Climate and habitability

Although Gliese 581 d orbits outside the theoretical habitable zone of its star, scientists surmise that conditions on the planet may be conducive to supporting life.[3][4] Scientists originally believed that Gliese 581 d would be too cold for liquid water to exist, and therefore could not support life in forms as existing on Earth. However, since Earth's temperature would be about -18°C without any greenhouse gases,[citation needed] and due to a theorized greenhouse effect of Gliese 581 d, research now suggests that atmospheric conditions on the planet could create temperatures at which liquid water can exist, and therefore the planet may be capable of supporting life.[5][citation needed]

References

  1. ^ Beust, H.; et al. (2008). "Dynamical evolution of the Gliese 581 planetary system". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 479 (1): 277–282. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20078794. Retrieved 2008-08-20. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help)
  2. ^ Dividing the m sin i by "Sin(10/180 * PI)" on a radian-configured processor.
  3. ^ SPACE.com - Hopes Dashed for Life on Distant Planet
  4. ^ von Bloh, W.; Bounama, C.; Cuntz, M.; Franck, S. "The Habitability of Super-Earths in Gliese 581". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 476: 1365–1371. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20077939. Retrieved 2008-08-18.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  5. ^ http://lwf.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/globalwarming.html#q1

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Gliese 581.
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