Syzygium samarangense and Saṃsāra: Difference between pages

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Samsara or saṃsāra (Sanskrit: संसार; Tibetan: khor wa; Mongolian: orchilong) refers to the cycle of reincarnation or rebirth in Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, Sikhism and other related religions.

According to these religions, one's karmic "account balance" at the time of death is inherited via the state at which a person is reborn. During the course of each worldly life actions committed (for good or ill) determine the future destiny of each being in the process of becoming (evolution or devolution). At death the underlying volitional impulses (samskaras) thus accrued and developed are carried and transmitted in a consciousness structure popularly known as the soul which, after an intermediate period (in Tibetan called the bardo) forms the basis for a new biological structure that will result in rebirth and a new life. This process is considered to go on indefinitely until the person achieves self-realization.

If one lives in evil ways, one is reborn as an animal or other unfortunate being.^[1]

Etymology

Samsara is derived from "to flow together," to go or pass through states, to wander. Mostly a great revolving door between life and death and an endless cycle of reincarnation. Also known as a game in ancient India.^{[citation needed]}

Cycle of rebirth

Under this concept one continues to be born and reborn in various realms in the form of human, god, animal, or other being (depending on karma).^[1]

Saṃsāra in Hinduism

In Hinduism, it is avidya, or ignorance, of one's true self, that leads to ego-consciousness of the body and the phenomenal world. This grounds one in kāma (desire) and the perpetual chain of karma and reincarnation. Through egoism and desire one creates the causes for future becoming. The state of illusion that gives rise to this is known as Maya.

Through ascetic practice one finally attains sanctity and liberation (moksha or mukti) - the equivalent of salvation in the Indian religions.

Broadly speaking, the holy life (brahmacarya) which leads to liberation is a path of self-purification by which the effects of sins are released.

The Hindu Yoga traditions hold various beliefs. Moksha may be achieved by love of Ishwar/God (see bhakti movement), by psycho-physical meditation (Raja Yoga), by discrimination of what is real and unreal through intense contemplation (Jnana Yoga) and through Karma Yoga, the path of selfless action that subverts the ego and enforces understanding of the unity of all. Advaita Vedanta, which heavily influenced Hindu Yoga, believes that Brahman, the ultimate Truth-Consciousness-Bliss, is the infinite, impersonal reality (as contrasted to the Buddhist concept of shunyata) and that through realization of it, all temporal states like deities, the cosmos and samsara itself are revealed to be nothing but manifestations of Brahman.^{[citation needed]}

Saṃsāra in Jainism

In Jainism, Saṃsāra is the worldly life characterized by continuous rebirths and reincarnations in various realms of existence. Saṃsāra is described as mundane existence, full of suffering and misery and hence is considered undesirable and worth renunciation. The Saṃsāra is without any beginning and the soul finds itself in bondage with its karma since the beginingless time. Moksa is the only liberation from saṃsāra.

Saṃsāra in Buddhism

Main article: Samsara (Buddhism)

The concept of Saṃsāra as a cycle of rebirth and suffering is taught in Buddhism. To understand the concept of Saṃsāra it is important to know about the six realms, rebirth, karma, and Bodhi-nature or the liberation from the suffering.

Saṃsāra in Sikhism

In Sikhism, it is thought that due to the commendable past actions and deeds (known as karma or kirat) that people obtain the chance of human birth, which is regarded in Sikhism as the highest possible on Earth and therefore an opportunity that should not be wasted. And only by continued good actions and the "Grace of the Almighty" can one obtain liberation from the continuous cycle of births and deaths of various bodily forms that the soul has been undergoing since the creation of the universe. The end of the cycle of transmigration of the soul is known as mukti. For Sikhs, the state of mukti can be achieved whilst still alive, known as "Jivan Mukat", literally "liberated whilst alive".

Saṃsāra in Surat Shabda Yoga

In Surat Shabda Yoga, attaining self-realization results in jivan moksha/mukti, liberation/release from samsara, the cycle of karma and reincarnation while in the physical body.^{[citation needed]}

Surat Shabda Yoga cosmology presents the constitution of the initiate (the microcosm) as an exact replica of the macrocosm. Consequently, the microcosm consists of a number of bodies, each one suited to interact with its corresponding plane or region in the macrocosm. These bodies developed over the yugas through involution (emanating from higher planes to lower planes) and evolution (returning from lower planes to higher planes), including by karma and reincarnation in various states of consciousness.^{[citation needed]}

In Fiction

In the Supernatural (TV SERIES), trailer for the fourth season it mentions Buddha battling Saṃsāra.

References

^ ^a ^b "Reaching the Level of the Gods", Hinduism, The Canadian Encyclopedia.

External links

[cEncy-1] "Reaching the Level of the Gods", Hinduism, The Canadian Encyclopedia.

[1]

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+{{expert-subject|Spirituality}}
-{{taxobox
+{{sources|date=April 2008}}
-|name = ''Syzygium samarangense''
+{{otheruses|Samsara (disambiguation)}}
-|image = Wax apple1.jpg
-|regnum = [[Plantae]]
-|unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperm]]s
-|unranked_classis = [[Eudicot]]s
-|unranked_ordo = [[Rosid]]s
-|ordo = [[Myrtales]]
-|familia = [[Myrtaceae]]
-|genus = ''[[Syzygium]]''
-|species = '''''S. samarangense'''''
-|binomial = ''Syzygium samarangense''
-|binomial_authority = ([[Carl Ludwig Blume|Blume]]) Merrill & Perry
-|}}
-'''''Syzygium samarangense''''' ([[synonymy|syn.]] ''Eugenia javanica'') is a species in the [[Myrtaceae]], native to [[Philippines]], [[Indonesia]] and [[Malaysia]]. Common names include '''wax apple''', '''love apple''', '''java apple''', '''Chomphu''' (in Thai), '''Bellfruit''' (In [[Taiwan]]),  '''jambu air''' (in [[Indonesian language|Indonesian]]), '''water apple''', '''mountain apple''', '''jambu air''' ("water guava" in [[Malay language|Malay]]), '''wax jambu''', '''Rose apple''', '''bell fruit''', '''makopa''', '''tambis''' ([[Philippine languages|Philippines]]), and '''chambekka''' in [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]] and jumbu (Sri Lanka). It is known as '''jamalac''' in [[French language|French]], and '''zamalac''' in the French-based [[creole languages]] of [[Mauritius]], [[Reunion]], [[Seychelles]] and other [[Indian ocean]] islands.
+'''Samsara''' or '''{{IAST|saṃsāra}}''' ([[Sanskrit]]: [[wikt:संसार|संसार]]; [[Tibetan language|Tibetan]]: ''khor wa''; [[Mongolian language|Mongolian]]: ''orchilong'') refers to the cycle of  [[reincarnation]] or [[rebirth]] in [[Hinduism]], [[Buddhism]], [[Jainism]], [[Sikhism]] and other related religions.
-It is a tropical [[tree]] growing to 12 m tall, with [[evergreen]] [[leaf|leaves]] 10-25 cm long and 5-10 cm broad. The [[flower]]s are white, 2.5 cm diameter, with four petals and numerous stamens. The [[fruit]] is a bell-shaped edible [[berry]], with colors ranging from white, pale green, green, red, purple, crimson, to deep purple or even black, 4-6 cm long in wild plants.  The flowers and resulting fruit are not limited to the axils of the leaves and can appear on nearly any point on the surface of the trunk and branches.  When mature, the tree is considered a heavy bearer and can yield a crop of up to 700 fruits. {{cite journal
-  | authorlink = Julia F. Morton
-  | title = Fruits of warm climates
-  | journal = Java Apple
-  | pages = 381–382
-  | date = 1987
-  | publisher = Miami, FL}}
+According to these religions, one's [[karma|karmic]] "account balance" at the time of [[death]] is inherited via the state at which a person is reborn. During the course of each worldly life actions committed (for good or ill) determine the future destiny of each being in the process of becoming (evolution or devolution). At death the underlying volitional impulses ([[samskaras]]) thus accrued and developed are carried and transmitted in a consciousness structure popularly known as the [[soul]] which, after an intermediate period (in [[Tibetan]] called the [[bardo]]) forms the basis for a new biological structure that will result in [[rebirth]] and a new life. This process is considered to go on indefinitely until the person achieves [[self-realization]].
-==Cultivation and uses==
-The ripened fruit varies in hue and can be light pink to a dark, almost purple, red.  One of the most highly prized and sought after wax apples in Taiwan are "black pearls," which are purplish-red.  If it is ripe enough, the fruit will puff outwards, with the middle of the underside of the "bell shape" dented in a touch.  Healthy wax apples have a light sheen to them.  Despite its rather plain name, a wax apple is anything but plain.  A ripe wax apple only resembles an apple on the outside in color.  It doesn't taste like an apple.  It has neither the fragrance nor the density of an apple.  The flavor is a bit like a snow pear.  The liquid to flesh ratio of the wax apple is comparable to a watermelon.  It's remarkably refreshing and juicy.  Unlike either apple or watermelon, the wax apple's flesh has a very loose weave.  The very middle holds a seed that's situated in a sort of cotton-candy-like mesh.  The mesh is edible but flavorless.  The color of its juice depends on the cultivar of the fruit.  As well as in its native range, it is also cultivated in tropical regions such as [[Vietnam]], [[Taiwan]], [[Thailand]], [[Bangladesh]], [[Pakistan]], [[India]] and [[Sri Lanka]]. A number of [[cultivar]]s with larger fruit have been selected. In general, the paler or darker the color is, the sweeter it is.  In South East Asia, the black ones are nicknamed "Black Pearl" or "Black Diamond," while the very pale greenish white ones are called "Pearl." They are among the highest priced ones in fruit markets.
+If one lives in evil ways, one is reborn as an animal or other unfortunate being.<ref name="cEncy">"[http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1SEC876926 Reaching the Level of the Gods]", ''Hinduism'', [[The Canadian Encyclopedia]].</ref>
-When choosing a good wax apple, look for ones with the bottom segments closed up because open holes signify worm eggs inside the fruit.  Also, usually the reddest fruits are the sweetest.  To eat, the core is removed and the fruit is served uncut, in order to preserve the unique bell shape presentation.
+==Etymology==
-In Indian ocean island cuisine, the fruit is frequently used in salads, as well in with light [[Sautéing|sauteed]] dishes.
+Samsara is derived from "to flow together," to go or pass through states, to wander. Mostly a great revolving door between life and death and an endless cycle of reincarnation. Also known as a game in ancient India.{{Fact|date=April 2008}}
+==Cycle of rebirth==
-The wax apple tree also grows in the Caribbean. On [[Curaçao]], [[Netherlands Antilles]], the fruit is called ''kashu Sürnam'' in [[Papiamentu]], which means kashu or cashew from Surinam, while in [[Surinam]] the fruit is called ''Curaçaose appel'' (apple from Curaçao in [[Dutch language|Dutch]]), in Trinidad & Tobago it is known as ''Pommerac''.
+Under this concept one continues to be born and reborn in various realms in the form of human, god, animal, or other being (depending on karma).<ref name = cEncy/>
+=={{IAST|Saṃsāra}} in Hinduism==
-In the Pacific Islands, this fruit is known as Mountain Apple.  In the Fiji Islands it is common in the outskirts of forests.  Called "Kavika" in Fiji, it is well-documented as a medicinal plant (particularly the bark of the Kavika tree).  It is known to contain [[oleanolic acid]], an anti-HIV compound.
+In Hinduism, it is [[avidya]], or ignorance, of one's true self, that leads to ego-consciousness of the body and the phenomenal world. This grounds one in [[kāma]] (desire) and the perpetual chain of [[karma]] and [[reincarnation]]. Through egoism and desire one creates the causes for future becoming. The state of illusion that gives rise to this is known as [[Maya (illusion)|Maya]].
+Through [[asceticism|ascetic]] practice one finally attains sanctity and liberation ([[moksha]] or mukti) - the equivalent of [[salvation]] in the Indian religions.
-In [[Saint Kitts and Nevis]] it is commonly known as "morroca," a corruption of [[Morocco]], from where the plant was imported to St. Kitts in colonial days.
+Broadly speaking, the holy life ([[brahmacarya]]) which leads to liberation is a path of self-purification by which the effects of [[sin|sins]] are released.
-In [[Taiwan]] and [[China]], they are known as ''lianwu'' ({{zh-stp|s=[[wikt:莲雾|莲雾]]|t=[[wikt:蓮霧|蓮霧]]|p=lián wù}}; [[POJ]]: lián-bū or lembu).
+The Hindu Yoga traditions hold various beliefs. Moksha may be achieved by love of [[Ishwar]]/God (see [[bhakti movement]]), by psycho-physical meditation ([[Raja Yoga]]), by discrimination of what is real and unreal through intense contemplation ([[Jnana Yoga]]) and through [[Karma Yoga]], the path of selfless action that subverts the ego and enforces understanding of the unity of all. [[Advaita Vedanta]], which heavily influenced Hindu [[Yoga]], believes that [[Brahman]], the ultimate Truth-Consciousness-Bliss, is the infinite, impersonal reality (as contrasted to the Buddhist concept of [[shunyata]]) and that through realization of it, all temporal states like [[deity| deities]], the [[cosmos]] and samsara itself are revealed to be nothing but manifestations of Brahman.{{Fact|date=March 2008}}
-<gallery>
-Image:Jambu.jpg| "Chomphu"
-Image:Wax apple2.jpg|Clusters of wax apples
-Image:Wax apple close up.jpg|Wax apples
-Image:Lian wu.JPG|Wax apples
-</gallery>
+=={{IAST|Saṃsāra}} in Jainism==
-<br clear="all">
+{{Main|Samsara (Jainism)}}
-{{Commons|Syzygium samarangense}}
+{{See|Karma in Jainism}}
+In [[Jainism]], {{IAST|Saṃsāra}} is the worldly life characterized by continuous rebirths and reincarnations in various realms of existence. {{IAST|Saṃsāra}} is described as mundane existence, full of suffering and misery and hence is considered undesirable and worth renunciation. The {{IAST|Saṃsāra}} is without any beginning and the soul finds itself in bondage with its karma since the beginingless time. Moksa is the only liberation from {{IAST|saṃsāra}}.
+=={{IAST|Saṃsāra}} in Buddhism==
-[[Category:Syzygium]]
+:''Main article: [[Samsara (Buddhism)]]''
-[[Category:Fruit]]
+The concept of Saṃsāra as a cycle of rebirth and suffering is taught in [[Buddhism]]. To understand the concept of Saṃsāra it is important to know about the [[six realms]], rebirth, karma, and [[Bodhi]]-nature or the liberation from the [[dukkha|suffering]].
-[[Category:Flora of Indonesia]]
-[[Category:Vietnamese cuisine]]
-[[Category:Flora of the Philippines|Syzygium samarangense|Macopa]]
+=={{IAST|Saṃsāra}} in Sikhism==
-[[zh-min-nan:Lián-bū]]
+In [[Sikhism]], it is thought that due to the commendable past actions and deeds (known as [[karma]] or kirat) that people obtain the chance of human birth, which is regarded in [[Sikhism]] as the highest possible on Earth and therefore an opportunity that should not be wasted. And only by continued good actions and the "Grace of the Almighty" can one obtain [[liberation]] from the continuous cycle of births and deaths of various bodily forms that the soul has been undergoing since the creation of the universe. The end of the cycle of [[transmigration]] of the soul is known as [[mukti]]. For Sikhs, the state of [[mukti]] can be achieved whilst still alive, known as "Jivan Mukat", literally "liberated whilst alive".
-[[fr:Jamalac]]
-[[id:Jambu semarang]]
+=={{IAST|Saṃsāra}} in Surat Shabda Yoga==
-[[jv:Jambu]]
+In [[Surat Shabda Yoga]], attaining self-realization results in ''[[jiva]]n'' ''[[moksha|moksha/mukti]]'', liberation/release from '''samsara''', the cycle of [[karma]] and [[reincarnation]] while in the physical body.{{Fact|date=January 2008}}
-[[nl:Djamboe semarang]]
-[[ja:レンブ]]
+Surat Shabda Yoga cosmology presents the constitution of the initiate (the [[microcosm]]) as an exact replica of the macrocosm.  Consequently, the microcosm consists of a number of [[Subtle body|bodies]], each one suited to interact with its corresponding plane or region in the macrocosm.  These bodies developed over the [[yuga]]s through [[Involution (metaphysics)|involution]] ([[Emanationism|emanating]] from higher planes to lower planes) and [[spiritual evolution|evolution]] (returning from lower planes to higher planes), including by karma and reincarnation in various [[altered state of consciousness|states]] of [[consciousness]].{{Fact|date=January 2008}}
-[[pt:Jambo]]
-[[ru:Яванское яблоко]]
+==In Fiction==
-[[vi:Mận,Roi]]
+*In the [[Supernatural (TV SERIES)]], trailer for the fourth season it mentions Buddha battling Saṃsāra.
-[[zh:蓮霧]]
+==See also==
+* [[Karma]]
+* [[Reincarnation]]
+* [[Metempsychosis]]
+* [[Nirvana]]
+* [[Great Perfection]]
+* [[Ego (spirituality)]]
+* [[Nondual]]
+* [[Maya (illusion)]]
+==References==
+<references />
+==External links==
+* [http://veda.harekrsna.cz/samsara/index.htm Samsara - Tour of This Universe and Beyond]
+* [http://www.stephen-knapp.com/reincarnation_a_simple_explanation.htm Reincarnation: A Simple Explanation]
+* [http://www.allaboutsikhs.com/mansukh/042.htm=Karma Karma in Sikhism]
+* [http://www.aboutreincarnation.org/ About Reincarnation]
+{{DEFAULTSORT:Samsara}}
+[[Category:Buddhist philosophical concepts]]
+[[Category:Hindu philosophical concepts]]
+[[Category:Jain philosophical concepts]]
+[[Category:Sikhism]]
+[[Category:Reincarnation]]
+[[Category:Shabd paths]]
+[[Category:Sanskrit words and phrases]]
+[[bg:Самсара]]
+[[cs:Samsára]]
+[[da:Samsara]]
+[[de:Samsara]]
+[[es:Samsara]]
+[[eo:Sansaro]]
+[[fr:Saṃsāra]]
+[[ko:윤회]]
+[[id:Samsara]]
+[[it:Saṃsāra]]
+[[he:סמסרה]]
+[[ka:სამსარა]]
+[[lt:Samsara]]
+[[hu:Szamszára]]
+[[nl:Samsara]]
+[[ja:輪廻]]
+[[no:Samsara]]
+[[nn:Samsara]]
+[[pl:Samsara]]
+[[pt:Samsara]]
+[[ru:Самсара]]
+[[sk:Samsára]]
+[[sl:Samsara]]
+[[sr:Самсара]]
+[[fi:Samsara]]
+[[sv:Samsara]]
+[[th:สังสารวัฏ]]
+[[vi:Luân hồi]]
+[[tr:Samsara]]
+[[zh:輪迴]]