BESM and Derby, Kansas: Difference between pages

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{{Infobox Settlement
:''This article is about the Soviet computer. "BESM" redirects here. For the roleplaying system, see [[Big Eyes Small Mouth]]''
|official_name = Derby, Kansas
|settlement_type = [[City]]
|nickname =
|motto =


<!-- Images -->
'''BESM''' (БЭСМ) is the name of a series of Soviet [[Mainframe computer|mainframe]] computers built in 1950-1960s. The name is an acronym for "Bolshaya Elektronno-Schetnaya Mashina" ("Большая Электронно-Счётная Машина"), literally "Large Electronic Computing Machine". The series began as a successor to [[MESM]] ("Malaya Elektronno-Schetnaya Mashina", "Small Electronic Computing Machine"). MESM was built between 1948 and 1951 and was the first electronic computer in the continental Europe (Remark to the author: what about the German Z3 built by Konrad Zuse in 1943 ???).
|image_skyline =
|imagesize =
|image_caption =
|image_flag =
|image_seal =


<!-- Maps -->
The BESM series included six models.
|image_map = Sedgwick_County_Kansas_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Derby_Highlighted.svg
|mapsize = 250px
|map_caption = Location of Derby, Kansas
|image_map1 =
|mapsize1 =
|map_caption1 =


<!-- Location -->
== BESM-1 ==
|subdivision_type = [[List of countries|Country]]
|subdivision_name = [[United States]]
|subdivision_type1 = [[Political divisions of the United States|State]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[Kansas]]
|subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in Kansas|County]]
|subdivision_name2 = [[Sedgwick County, Kansas|Sedgwick]]
|government_footnotes =
|government_type =
|leader_title =
|leader_name =
|leader_title1 =
|leader_name1 =
|established_title =
|established_date =


<!-- Area -->
'''BESM-1''', originally referred to as simply the BESM or BESM AN ("BESM Akademii Nauk", BESM of the Academy of Sciences), was completed in 1952. Only one BESM-1 machine was built. The machine used approximately 5,000 [[vacuum tube]]s. At the time of completion, it was the fastest computer in Europe. The floating point numbers were represented as 39-bit words: 32 bits for the numeric part, 1 bit for sign, and 1 + 5 bits for the exponent. It was capable of representing numbers in the range 10<sup>&minus;9</sup> – 10<sup>10</sup>. BESM-1 had 1024 words of read/write memory using [[core memory|ferrite core]]s, and 1024 words of read-only memory based on semiconducting diodes. It also had external storage: 4 magnetic tape units of 30,000 words each, and fast magnetic drum storage with a capacity of 5120 words and an access rate of 800 words/second. The computer was capable of performing 8–10 [[SI prefix|K]][[Flops]]. The energy consumption was approximately 30 [[kW]], not accounting for the cooling systems.
|unit_pref = Imperial
|area_footnotes =
|area_magnitude =
|area_total_km2 = 19.3
|area_land_km2 = 19.3
|area_water_km2 = 0.0
|area_total_sq_mi = 7.5
|area_land_sq_mi = 7.4
|area_water_sq_mi = 0.0


<!-- Population -->
'''BESM-2''' also used [[vacuum tube]]s.
|population_as_of = [[United States Census, 2000|2000]]
|population_footnotes =
|population_total = 17807
|population_density_km2 = 923.4
|population_density_sq_mi = 2391.6


<!-- General information -->
'''BESM-3M''' and '''BESM-4''' were built using [[transistors]]. Their architecture was similar to that of the [[M-20]] and [[M-220]] series. The word size was 45 bits. 30 BESM-4 machines were built.
|timezone = [[North American Central Time Zone|Central (CST)]]
|utc_offset = -6
|timezone_DST = CDT
|utc_offset_DST = -5
|elevation_footnotes =
|elevation_m = 394
|elevation_ft = 1293
|latd = 37 |latm = 33 |lats = 9 |latNS = N
|longd = 97 |longm = 15 |longs = 41 |longEW = W


<!-- Area/postal codes & others -->
* [[Epsilon macro language|EPSILON]] (a [[Macro (computer science)|macro language]] with high level features including strings and lists, developed by [[A.P. Ershov]] at [[Novosibirsk]] in 1967) was used to implement [[ALGOL 68]] on the M-220. <ref> {{cite web|title=EPSILON macro language| url=http://foldoc.org/index.cgi?query=EPSILON&action=Search|accessyear=2007|accessmonthday=May 29|}}</ref>
|postal_code_type = [[ZIP code]]
|postal_code = 67037
|area_code = [[Area code 316|316]]
|blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
|blank_info = 20-17800{{GR|2}}
|blank1_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
|blank1_info = 0474332{{GR|3}}
|website =
|footnotes =
}}
'''Derby''' is a city in [[Sedgwick County, Kansas|Sedgwick County]], [[Kansas]], [[United States]]. Formerly known as El Paso, it is a suburb of [[Wichita, Kansas|Wichita]]. The population was 17,807 at the [[United States Census, 2000|2000 census]]. Derby was recently named one of the "10 Best Towns for Families" by Family Circle magazine<ref>[http://www.parents.com/parents/story.jsp?page=3&storyid=/templatedata/fc/story/data/1183669007726.xml, 10 Best Towns for Families], Parents Magazine</ref>.


== BESM-6 ==
==Geography==
Derby is located at {{coor dms|37|33|9|N|97|15|41|W|city}} (37.552407, -97.261492){{GR|1}}.


According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of 7.5&nbsp;[[square mile]]s (19.3&nbsp;[[km²]]), of which, 7.4&nbsp;square&nbsp;miles (19.3&nbsp;km²) of it is land and 0.13% is water.
The '''BESM-6''' was arguably the most well-known and influential model of the series designed at the [[Lebedev Institute of Precision Mechanics and Computer Engineering|Institute of Precision Mechanics and Computer Engineering]]. The design was completed in 1966. Production started in 1968 and continued for the following 20 years<ref>[http://old.osp.ru/museum/story/01_00.htm Очерки по истории советской вычислительной техники и школ программирования (Издательство "Открытые Системы")]</ref>.


==Demographics==
Like its predecessors, the original BESM-6 was transistor-based (however, the version used in the 1980s as a component of the [[Elbrus (computer)|Elbrus]] supercomputer was built with [[integrated circuits]]). The machine's 48-bit [[processor]] ran at 10 MHz clock speed and featured two [[pipeline|instruction pipelines]], separate for the control and arithmetic units, and a [[data cache]] of 16 48-bit words. The system achieved performance of 1 [[SI prefix|M]][[Flops]]. The fastest at the time supercomputer, [[CDC 6600]] achieved 3 MFlops utilizing one central and ten peripheral processing units.
As of the [[census]]{{GR|2}} of 2000, there were 17,807 people, 6,196 households, and 4,969 families residing in the city. The [[population density]] was 2,391.6 people per square mile (922.9/km²). There were 6,407 housing units at an average density of 860.5/sq&nbsp;mi (332.0/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 94.02% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 1.33% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.78% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 1.01% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.14% [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 0.94% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 1.79% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 2.99% of the population.


There were 6,196 households of which 44.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 67.8% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 9.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 19.8% were non-families. 17.6% of all households were made up of individuals and 7.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.85 and the average family size was 3.24.
The system memory was word-addressable using 15-bit addresses. The maximum addressable memory space was thus 32K words (192[[Kilobyte|K bytes]]). A [[virtual memory]] system allowed to expand this up to 128K words (768[[Kilobyte|K bytes]]).


In the city the population was spread out with 32.2% under the age of 18, 6.8% from 18 to 24, 29.4% from 25 to 44, 21.7% from 45 to 64, and 10.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females there were 92.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.6 males.
The BESM-6 was widely used in [[Soviet Union|USSR]] in 1970s for various computation and control tasks. A version named 5E26 was used in the control system of the air defense missile complex [[S-300]]. During the 1975 [[Apollo-Soyuz Test Project]] the processing of Soyuz orbit parameters was accomplished by a BESM-6 based system in 1 minute. The same computation for the Apollo was carried out by the American side in 30 minutes.


The median income for a household in the city was $58,508, and the median income for a family was $66,476. Males had a median income of $47,716 versus $27,478 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the city was $22,779. About 1.4% of families and 2.1% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 1.8% of those under age 18 and 2.7% of those age 65 or over.
A total of 355 of these machines were built. Production ended in 1987.


==Tourist attractions==
As the first Soviet computer with a large for the time installed base, the BESM-6 gathered a dedicated developer community. Over the years several [[operating system]]s and compilers for programming languages such as [[Fortran]], [[Algol]] and [[Pascal (programming language)|Pascal]] were developed.<ref>http://www.computer-museum.ru/books/7.htm</ref>.
An aquatic park, Rock River Rapids, is located in Derby.<ref>[http://www.rockriverrapids.com RockRiverRapids], Rock River Rapids. Accessed [[2007-08-12]].</ref>


A skate/bike park, The Derby Skate Park, located at 424 E. Market, is one of the most recent additions to the city’s park system. The park is located at the site of the old municipal pool.
A modification of the BESM-6 based on integrated circuits, with 2-3 times higher performance than the original machine, was produced in the 1980 under the name Elbrus-1K2 as a component of the [[Elbrus (computer)|Elbrus supercomputer]].


== See also ==
==Schools==
The Derby Unified School District (USD 260) has 9 elementary schools:
*Cooper
*Derby Hills
*El Paso
*Oaklawn
*Park Hill
*Pleasantview
*Swaney
*Tanglewood
*Wineteer
The school district also operates a sixth grade center, a middle school, an alternative high school, and Derby Senior High School.


St. Mary's is a Pre-K through 8th grade Catholic school.
* [[Sergei Alekseyevich Lebedev]]

* [[Lev Korolyov]]
==Residents of Derby==
* [[List of Soviet computer systems]]
This is a list of notable people who are currently, or have been residents of the City of Derby, Kansas.
* [[History of computer hardware in communist countries]]

*[[Woody Austin]], Professional Golfer (PGA)
*[[Darryl Starbird]], Custom Car Designer
*[[George Teague]], NFL Safety (Dallas Cowboys)
*[[Billy Campfield]], NFL Running Back (Philadelphia Eagles)
*[[Nick Reid]], University of Kansas Football Linebacker and 2005 Big XII Player of the Year
*Bob Lutz, Sports Writer (Wichita Eagle) and Radio Personality
*[[Jason Gamble]], Arena League and Clemson University Football Center
*[[Matt Gogel]], Professional Golfer (PGA and Nationwide)
*[[Melanie Kay Turner]], Professional Actor (Currently in Las Vegas)


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
<references />
Mickey Daniel


==External links==
==External links==
*[http://www.sovietcomputing.com/ ''Pioneers of Soviet Computing'']
* [http://www.derbyweb.com Official City Homepage]
*[http://www.mailcom.com/besm6/ BESM-6 Nostalgia Page]
* [http://www.derbyschools.com Derby Public Schools]

*[http://www.inc.com/magazine/19960615/1967.html Back in the U.S.S.R.] A museum curator suggests Russia's BESM supercomputer may have been superior to the USA's supercomputers during the early stages of the Cold War.
{{Mapit-US-cityscale|37.552407|-97.261492}}


{{Sedgwick County, Kansas}}
{{List of Soviet computer systems}}
{{Kansas}}


[[Category:Acronyms]]
[[Category:Cities in Kansas]]
[[Category:Early computers]]
[[Category:Sedgwick County, Kansas]]
[[Category:IAS architecture computers]]
[[Category:Wichita metropolitan area]]
[[Category:Mainframe computers]]
[[Category:Supercomputers]]
[[Category:Computing in the Soviet Union]]


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Revision as of 04:56, 12 October 2008

Derby, Kansas
City
Location of Derby, Kansas
Location of Derby, Kansas
CountryUnited States
StateKansas
CountySedgwick
Area
 • Total7.5 sq mi (19.3 km2)
 • Land7.4 sq mi (19.3 km2)
 • Water0.0 sq mi (0.0 km2)
Elevation
1,293 ft (394 m)
Population
 (2000)
 • Total17,807
 • Density2,391.6/sq mi (923.4/km2)
Time zoneUTC-6 (Central (CST))
 • Summer (DST)UTC-5 (CDT)
ZIP code
67037
Area code316
FIPS code20-17800Template:GR
GNIS feature ID0474332Template:GR

Derby is a city in Sedgwick County, Kansas, United States. Formerly known as El Paso, it is a suburb of Wichita. The population was 17,807 at the 2000 census. Derby was recently named one of the "10 Best Towns for Families" by Family Circle magazine[1].

Geography

Derby is located at 37°33′9″N 97°15′41″W / 37.55250°N 97.26139°W / 37.55250; -97.26139Invalid arguments have been passed to the {{#coordinates:}} function (37.552407, -97.261492)Template:GR.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 7.5 square miles (19.3 km²), of which, 7.4 square miles (19.3 km²) of it is land and 0.13% is water.

Demographics

As of the censusTemplate:GR of 2000, there were 17,807 people, 6,196 households, and 4,969 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,391.6 people per square mile (922.9/km²). There were 6,407 housing units at an average density of 860.5/sq mi (332.0/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 94.02% White, 1.33% African American, 0.78% Native American, 1.01% Asian, 0.14% Pacific Islander, 0.94% from other races, and 1.79% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.99% of the population.

There were 6,196 households of which 44.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 67.8% were married couples living together, 9.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 19.8% were non-families. 17.6% of all households were made up of individuals and 7.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.85 and the average family size was 3.24.

In the city the population was spread out with 32.2% under the age of 18, 6.8% from 18 to 24, 29.4% from 25 to 44, 21.7% from 45 to 64, and 10.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females there were 92.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.6 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $58,508, and the median income for a family was $66,476. Males had a median income of $47,716 versus $27,478 for females. The per capita income for the city was $22,779. About 1.4% of families and 2.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 1.8% of those under age 18 and 2.7% of those age 65 or over.

Tourist attractions

An aquatic park, Rock River Rapids, is located in Derby.[2]

A skate/bike park, The Derby Skate Park, located at 424 E. Market, is one of the most recent additions to the city’s park system. The park is located at the site of the old municipal pool.

Schools

The Derby Unified School District (USD 260) has 9 elementary schools:

  • Cooper
  • Derby Hills
  • El Paso
  • Oaklawn
  • Park Hill
  • Pleasantview
  • Swaney
  • Tanglewood
  • Wineteer

The school district also operates a sixth grade center, a middle school, an alternative high school, and Derby Senior High School.

St. Mary's is a Pre-K through 8th grade Catholic school.

Residents of Derby

This is a list of notable people who are currently, or have been residents of the City of Derby, Kansas.

References

  1. ^ 10 Best Towns for Families, Parents Magazine
  2. ^ RockRiverRapids, Rock River Rapids. Accessed 2007-08-12.

Mickey Daniel

External links

Template:Mapit-US-cityscale

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BESM&oldid=244715655"