Carbon group and Four Crosses railway station: Difference between pages

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Four Crosses railway station was a station on the former Cambrian Railway between Oswestry and Welshpool.

It opened in 1860 as part of the Oswestry and Newtown Railway and served the village of Four Crosses in Powys, Wales until closure in 1965. The station was immortalised in 1964 in the song "Slow Train" by Flanders and Swann.

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+'''Four Crosses railway station''' was a station on the former [[Cambrian Railway]] between [[Oswestry]] and [[Welshpool railway station|Welshpool]].
-{| style="float: right; border: 1px solid #ccc; margin: 0.5em 0pt 0.8em 1.4em; padding: 3px !important; width: 75px;"
-! [[Group (periodic table)|Group]]&nbsp;→!! 14
-|-
-! ↓&nbsp;[[Period (periodic table)|Period]]
-|-
-! [[Period 2 element|2]]
-| {{element cell| 6|Carbon|C| |Solid|Nonmetals|Primordial}}
-|-
-! [[Period 3 element|3]]
-| {{element cell|14|Silicon|Si| |Solid|Metalloids|Primordial}}
-|-
-! [[Period 4 element|4]]
-| {{element cell|32|Germanium|Ge| |Solid|Metalloids|Primordial}}
-|-
-! [[Period 5 element|5]]
-| {{element cell|50|Tin|Sn| |Solid|Poor metals|Primordial}}
-|-
-! [[Period 6 element|6]]
-| {{element cell|82|Lead|Pb| |Solid|Poor metals|Primordial}}
-|-
-! [[Period 7 element|7]]
-| {{element cell|114|Ununquadium|Uuq| |Solid|Poor metals|Synthetic}}
-|}
+It opened in [[1860]] as part of the [[Oswestry and Newtown Railway]] and served the village of [[Four Crosses, Powys|Four Crosses]] in [[Powys]], [[Wales]] until closure in [[1965]]. The station was immortalised in [[1964]] in the song "[[Slow Train]]" by [[Flanders and Swann]].
-The '''carbon group''' is group 14 ([[IUPAC]] style) in the [[periodic table]].  Once also known as the '''tetrels''' (from Latin ''tetra'', four), stemming from the earlier naming convention of this group as Group IVA. The group consists of [[carbon]] ('''C'''), [[silicon]] ('''Si'''), [[germanium]] ('''Ge'''), [[tin]] ('''Sn'''), [[lead]] ('''Pb'''), and [[ununquadium]] ('''Uuq''').
+==External links==
-Each of the elements in this group has 4 [[electron]]s in its outer [[energy level]]. The last orbital of all these [[element]]s is the p2 [[orbital]]. In most cases, the elements share their electrons. The tendency to lose electrons increases as the size of the [[atom]] increases, as it does with increasing atomic number.
-[[Carbon]] alone forms negative [[ion]]s, in the form of [[carbide]] (C<sup>4−</sup>) ions.
-[[Silicon]] and [[germanium]], both [[metalloids]], each can form +4 ions.
-[[Tin]] and [[lead]] both are [[metal]]s while unquadium is a synthetic shortlived [[radioactive]] metal.
+* [http://www.disused-stations.org.uk/ Disused stations]
-Except for germanium, all of these elements are familiar in daily life either as the pure element or in the form of [[compounds]]. However, except for silicon, none of these elements are particularly plentiful in the Earth’s crust. Carbon forms an almost infinite variety of [[compounds of carbon|compounds]], in both the plant and animal kingdoms. Silicon and silicate minerals are fundamental components of the Earth’s crust; silica ([[silicon dioxide]]) is [[sand]]. Tin and lead, although with very low abundances in the crust, are nevertheless common in everyday life. They occur in highly concentrated mineral deposits, can be obtained easily in the metallic state from those minerals, and are useful as metals and as alloys in many applications. Germanium, on the other hand, forms few characteristic minerals and is most commonly found only in small concentrations in association with the mineral [[zinc blende]] and in coals. Although germanium is indeed one of the rarer elements, it assumed importance upon recognition of its properties as a [[semiconductor]].
+* [http://www.cambrian-railways-soc.co.uk/~nantmawr/hist1.html History of the line]
+{{coord missing|United Kingdom}}
-==History==
-[[Carbon]], [[tin]], and [[lead]], are a few of the elements well known in the ancient world - together with  [[sulfur]], [[iron]], [[copper]], [[mercury (element)|mercury]], [[silver]], and [[gold]].
+[[Category:Disused railway stations in Wales]]
-[[Carbon]] as an element was discovered by the first man to handle charcoal from his fire. Modern carbon chemistry dates from the development of coals, petroleum, and natural gas as fuels and from the elucidation of synthetic organic chemistry, both substantially developed since the 1800s.
+[[Category:Railway stations in Powys]]
+{{Wales-railstation-stub}}
-[[amorphous silicon|Amorphous elemental silicon]] was first obtained pure in 1824 by the Swedish chemist [[Jöns Jacob Berzelius]]; impure silicon had already been obtained in 1811. [[crystalline silicon|Crystalline elemental silicon]] was not prepared until 1854, when it was obtained as a product of electrolysis. In the form of rock crystal, however, silicon was familiar to the predynastic Egyptians, who used it for beads and small vases; to the early Chinese; and probably to many others of the ancients. The manufacture of glass containing silica was carried out both by the Egyptians — at least as early as 1500 BCE — and by the [[Phoenicians]]. Certainly, many of the naturally occurring compounds called silicates were used in various kinds of mortar for construction of dwellings by the earliest people.
-Germanium is one of three elements the existence of which was predicted in 1871 by the Russian chemist [[Dmitry Mendeleyev]] when he first devised his periodic table. Not until 1886, however, was germanium identified as one of the elements in a newly found mineral.
-The origins of tin also are lost in antiquity. Apparently, [[bronze]]s, which are copper–tin alloys, were used by man in prehistory long before pure tin metal itself was isolated. Bronzes were common in early Mesopotamia, the Indus Valley, Egypt, Crete, Israel, and Peru. Much of the tin used by the early Mediterranean peoples apparently came from the [[Scilly Island]]s and from [[Cornwall]] in the [[British Isles]], where tin mining dates to at least 300–200 BCE. Tin mines were operating in both the Inca and Aztec domains of [[South America|South]] and [[Central America]] before the Spanish conquest.
-Lead is mentioned often in early Biblical accounts. The [[Babylonians]] used the metal as plates on which to record inscriptions. The [[Romans]] used it for tablets, water pipes, coins, and even cooking utensils; indeed, as a result of the last use, lead poisoning was recognized in the time of [[Augustus Caesar]]. The compound known as white lead was apparently prepared as a decorative pigment at least as early as 200 BCE. Modern developments date to the exploitation in the late 1700s of deposits in the Missouri–Kansas–Oklahoma area in the United States.
-==See also==
-*[[Noble gas]]
-{|style="text-align: center;" border="1" cellpadding="2"
-|+ '''Explanation of above periodic table slice:'''
-! bgcolor="{{element color/Nonmetals}}" | [[Nonmetal]]s
-! bgcolor="{{element color/Metalloids}}" | [[Metalloid]]s
-! bgcolor="{{element color/Poor metals}}" | [[Poor metal]]s
-| atomic number in <font color="{{element color/Solid}}">{{element color/Solid}}</font> are solids
-| style="border:{{element frame/Primordial}};" | solid borders are [[primordial element]]s (older than the [[Earth]])
-| style="border:{{element frame/Synthetic}};" | dotted borders are [[radioactive decay|radioactive]], [[synthetic element]]s
-|}
-{{PeriodicTablesFooter}}
-[[Category:Chemical element groups|Group 14]]
-[[Category:Periodic table]]
-{{Link FA|lmo}}
-[[ar:مجموعة كربون]]
-[[ast:Elementos del grupu 14]]
-[[ca:Grup del carboni]]
-[[cs:Tetrely]]
-[[de:Kohlenstoffgruppe]]
-[[es:Elementos del grupo 14]]
-[[eo:Elemento de grupo 14]]
-[[eu:14. taldeko elementu]]
-[[fr:Cristallogène]]
-[[ko:14족 원소]]
-[[it:Gruppo del carbonio]]
-[[lmo:Grupp del carbòni]]
-[[nl:Koolstofgroep]]
-[[ja:第14族元素]]
-[[nn:Gruppe 14]]
-[[nds:Cheemsch Elementen vun de 14. Grupp]]
-[[pl:Węglowce]]
-[[pt:Grupo do carbono]]
-[[sk:Tetrely]]
-[[sr:14. група хемијских елемената]]
-[[sh:14. grupa hemijskih elemenata]]
-[[fi:Hiiliryhmä]]
-[[sv:Kolgruppen]]
-[[th:หมู่คาร์บอน]]
-[[vi:Nhóm nguyên tố 14]]
-[[tr:Karbon grubu]]
-[[zh:碳族元素]]