Emilio Diez Barroso and David Snoke: Difference between pages

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'''Emilio Diez Barroso''' is Co-Chairman and Founder of [http://www.nalainvestments.com NALA Investments, LLC] a private investment holding company, and founder and CEO of one of its subsidiaries: [[NALA Films]].
<!-- Do not use the "dated prod" template directly; the above line is generated by "subst:prod|reason" -->


{{Infobox Scientist
==Biography==
|name=David W. Snoke
'''Emilio Diez Barroso of the [[Azcárraga family]]''' is part of the Mexican [[Televisa]] dynasty. He is the son of [[Laura Azcarraga Milmo]] and [[Fernando Diez Barroso]], and great-grandson to multi-billionaire Televisa founder [[Emilio Azcárraga Vidaurreta]]. He studied Economics and Finance at [[Harvard University|Harvard]], [[Instituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México|I.T.A.M.]] and [[Boston University|Boston Universities]] before becoming Managing Director for [[Corporacion Triangulo]], an investment corporation headquartered in [[Mexico]]. Diez Barroso was President of Mexican [[football (soccer)|football]] club [[Club de Futbol América]], and subsequently moved to [[Los Angeles]], USA.
|image=Replace this image male.svg
|imagesize=150px
|fields=[[Physics]]
|residence=[[Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania]]
|workplaces=[[University of Pittsburgh]] in [[Pennsylvania]]<br />[[American Physical Society]]
|occupation=Professor
}}
'''David W. Snoke''' is a [[Physics]] professor at the [[University of Pittsburgh]] in the Department of Physics and Astronomy. In 2006 he was elected a [[Fellow]] of the [[American Physical Society]] "[f]or his pioneering work on the experimental and theoretical understanding of dynamical optical processes in semiconductor systems."<ref>[http://www.aps.org/programs/honors/fellowships/archive-all.cfm?initial=S&year=2006&nom_unit=Condensed+Matter+Physics+%28DCMP%29&institution=University+of+Pittsburgh Archive (1995-present)], [[American Physical Society]]</ref> In 2004 he co-wrote a controversial paper with prominent [[intelligent design]] proponent [[Michael Behe]].


==Overview==
Snoke received his PhD in physics from the [[University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign]]. He has worked for [[The Aerospace Corporation]] and was a visiting scientist and Fellow at the [[Max Planck Institute]].<ref name=ASANews>{{cite journal
| author =
| year =
| title = ASA newsletters, November/December 2006
| journal =
| volume =
| issue =
| pages =
| url = http://www.asa3.org/ASA/newsletter/novdec06.pdf
}}</ref>


His research has focused on basic processes and phase transitions of electrons, holes, including nonequilibrium dynamics of electron plasma
Diez Barroso has held senior level positions and sat on the board of most NALA owned companies including Televisa<ref>http://www.publicaciones.cucsh.udg.mx/pperiod/comsoc/pdf/10-11_1991/235-262.pdf</ref>. He was named one of the 25 most powerful Latinos in 2007 by The Hollywood Reporter<ref>[http://www.latingossip.com/eva-longoria/thrs-latino-power-50.html THR’s Latino Power 50 - Latin Gossip<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>and currently sits on the board of directors of [http://www.summit-ent.com/ Summit Entertainment, LLC]] ("a worldwide theatrical motion picture production and distribution studio") of [http://www.mentorla.org/ Mentor LA] a non-profit organization working to improve schools and empower neighborhoods in some of the most disenfranchised communities in Los Angeles, and [http://www.affinitymobile.com/ Affinity Mobile, LLC]], "a Telecommunications Solutions Provider as well as of three other [[Latin America]]n companies".<ref name="Elah"/>
<ref>{{cite journal
| author = [D.W. Snoke, W.W. Ruehle, Y.-C. Lu and E. Bauser]
| year = 1992
| title = Nonthermal Distribution of Electrons on Picosecond Timescale in GaAs
| journal = Physical Review Letters
| volume = 68
| issue =
| pages = 990–993
| url = http://prola.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v68/i7/p990_1
| doi = 10.1103/PhysRevLett.68.990
}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal
| author = [D.W. Snoke]
| year = 1992
| title = Density dependence of electron scattering at low density
| journal = Physical Review B
| volume = 50
| issue =
| pages = 11583–11591
| url = http://prola.aps.org/abstract/PRB/v50/i16/p11583_1
| doi = 10.1103/PhysRevB.50.11583
}}</ref>
and [[excitons]],<ref>{{cite journal
| author = [D.W. Snoke, D. Braun, and M. Cardona]
| year = 1991
| title = Carrier thermalization in Cu2O: Phonon emission by excitons
| journal = Physical Review B
| volume = 44
| issue =
| pages = 2991
| url = http://prola.aps.org/abstract/PRB/v44/i7/p2991_1
| doi = 10.1103/PhysRevB.44.2991
}}</ref>
the Mott transition from exciton gas to electron-hole plasma<ref>{{cite journal
| author = [D.W. Snoke and J.D. Crawford]
| year = 1995
| title = Hysteresis in the Mott transition between plasma and insulating gas
| journal = Physical Review E
| volume = 52
| issue =
| pages = 5796
| url = http://prola.aps.org/abstract/PRE/v52/i6/p5796_1
| doi = 10.1103/PhysRevE.52.5796
}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal
| author = [D.W. Snoke]
| year = 2008
| title = Hysteresis in the Mott transition between plasma and insulating gas
| journal = Solid State Communications
| volume = 146
| issue =
| pages = 73
| url =
}}</ref>
and Bose-Einstein condensation of excitons and polaritons.<ref>{{cite journal
| author = [Z. Voros, D. Snoke, L. Pfeiffer, and K. West]
| year = 2006
| title = Trapping Excitons in a Two-Dimensional In-Plane Harmonic Potential: Experimental Evidence for Equilibration of Indirect Excitons
| journal = Physical Review Letters
| volume = 97
| issue =
| pages = 016803
| url = http://scitation.aip.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServlet?prog=normal&id=PRLTAO000097000001016803000001&idtype=cvips&gifs=yes
| doi = 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.016803
}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal
| author = [R. Balili, V. Hartwell, D.W. Snoke, L. Pfeiffer and K. West]
| year = 2007
| title = Bose-Einstein Condensation of Microcavity Polaritons in a Trap
| journal = Science
| volume = 316
| issue =
| pages = 1007
| url =
| doi = 10.1126/science.1140990
}}</ref> His research group at the university of Pittsburgh uses stress to trap excitons in confined regions,<ref>{{cite journal
| author = [V. Negoita, D.W. Snoke, and K. Eberl]
| year = 1999
| title = Stretching Quantum Wells: a Method for Trapping Free Carriers in GaAs Heterostructures
| journal = Applied Physics Letters
| volume = 316
| issue =
| pages = 2059
| url =
}}</ref> similar to the way atoms are confined in traps for [[Bose-Einstein condensation]] experiments.


His book, ''A Biblical Case for an Old Earth'' was described in a review by Law Professor David W. Opderbeck, in the American Scientific Affiliation's ''Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith'' as "succeed[ing] admirably" in "establish[ing] that the 'day-age' view is a valid alternative for Christians who hold to biblical inerrancy", but as "less persuasive" at "argu[ing] for a concordist understanding of the Genesis texts and modern science."<ref>{{cite journal
=NALA Investments=
| last = Opderbeck
In 1999, Emilio Diez Barroso founded [http://www.nalainvestments.com NALA Investments, LLC]], also serving as Chairman. NALA ("North America Latin America"<ref name="WMA">[http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117953225.html?categoryid=29&cs=1 "WMA's Latin pic pal" by Dave McNary, November 2, 2006]. Accessed April 8, 2008</ref>) Investments is a private investment holding company with operations across various industries including communications, energy, transportation, consumer products, real estate, IT infrastructure, entertainment and media. The company manages a diverse portfolio comprised of multiple investment asset classes primarily in the United States and Latin America.<ref name="Elah">[http://www.celebritywonder.com/movie/2007_In_the_Valley_of_Elah_about_the_filmmakers.html ''In the Valley of Elah'': About the Filmmakers]. Accessed April 8, 2008
| first = David W.
| authorlink =
| coauthors =
| title = review of 'A Biblical Case for an Old Earth'
| journal = Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith
| volume = June 2007
| issue =
| pages =
| publisher = [[American Scientific Affiliation]]
| location =
| date =
| url = http://www.asa3.org/asa/topics/Book%20Reviews2005-/6-07.html
| doi =
| id =
| accessdate = }}</ref>
Snoke was elected a Fellow of the [[American Scientific Affiliation]] in 2006.<ref name=ASANews/>


==Behe and Snoke (2004)==
Over the past ten years, NALA has leveraged its US/Mexico home base and extensive network of affiliations in Latin America to provide effective value added to its portfolio companies. This unique cross-border position, anchored by the local branch offices, gives NALA preferred access to some of the most attractive venture investments in the area.
In 2004, Snoke co-authored an article with [[Michael Behe]], a senior fellow of the [[Discovery Institute]]'s [[Center for Science and Culture]], in the [[scientific journal]] ''Protein Science'',<ref>{{cite journal| author = Michael Behe and [[David W. Snoke]]| year = 2004| title = Simulating evolution by gene duplication of protein features that require multiple amino acid residues| journal = Protein Science| volume = 13| issue = 10| pages = 2651–2664| url = http://www.proteinscience.org/cgi/content/short/13/10/2651| doi = 10.1110/ps.04802904}}</ref> which received widespread criticism. Behe has stated that the results of the paper support his notion of irreducible complexity, based on the calculation of the probability of mutations required for evolution to succeed. However, the published version did not address the concept directly; according to Behe, all references to irreducible complexity were eliminated prior to the paper's publication at the behest of the reviewers.<ref>Michael J. Behe, Day 10, morning testimony, in Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District, trial transcript page 46[http://www.aclupa.org/downloads/Day10AMSession.pdf]</ref> [[Michael Lynch (geneticist)|Michael Lynch]] authored a response,<ref>{{cite journal| author = [[Michael Lynch (geneticist)|Michael Lynch]]| year = 2005| title = Simple evolutionary pathways to complex proteins| journal = Protein Science| volume = 14| issue = 9| pages = 2217–2225| url = http://www.proteinscience.org/cgi/content/abstract/14/9/2217| doi = 10.1110/ps.041171805}}</ref> to which Behe and Snoke responded.<ref>{{cite journal| author = Michael Behe and [[David W. Snoke]]| year = 2005| title = A response to Michael Lynch| journal = Protein Science| volume = 14| issue = 9| pages = 2226| url = http://www.proteinscience.org/cgi/content/full/14/9/2226| doi = 10.1110/ps.051674105}}</ref> ''Protein Science'' discussed the papers in an editorial.<ref name=editorial>{{cite journal| author = Mark Hermodson| year = 2005| title = Editorial and position papers| journal = Protein Science| volume = 14| issue = 9| pages = 2215| url = http://www.proteinscience.org/cgi/content/full/14/9/2215| doi = 10.1110/ps.051654305}}</ref> ''Protein Science'' received letters that "contained many points of disagreement with the Behe and Snoke article", including the points that:<ref name=editorial/>
Its extensive business and political relationships provide NALA's portfolio companies with powerful, direct resource interaction in an often unwelcoming environment for foreign endeavors.
{{quotation|
* Substantial variation in the rate of mutation fixation occurs, both between lineages and between sites on a protein during evolution. This is a central concept of modern population genetics [citations removed]
* Changes in one site are known to cause changes in the mutation and acceptance rate at other sites in a protein, generally called "compensatory" changes [citations removed]
* Recombination strongly accelerates the rate of joining of independent mutations at multiple sites and of grafting new domains with additional functions and sites of interaction to proteins to create new modes of action or regulation [citations removed]
* Selection acts continuously, and cumulative effects, rather than a single strongly adaptive change, are the basis of evolution under a Darwinian model. Thus, intermediate states must also be assumed to be selected.}}


The paper's assumptions have been severely criticised and the conclusions it draws from its mathematical model have been both criticised and contradicted:
===NALA Films===
*An essay criticised the paper for an "over-simplified the process, resulting in questionable conclusions", that "[t]heir assumptions bias their results towards more pessimistic numbers", including one assumption that is "probably false under all circumstances", another that is "probably false as a general rule" and assuming "much too high" a level of substitutions that would destroy the protein's function. It concludes "[a]nd ironically, despite these faulty assumptions, Behe and Snoke show that the probability of small multi-residue features evolving is extremely high, given the types of organisms that Behe and Snoke's model applies to."<ref>[http://www.talkreason.org/articles/tiatd.cfm Theory is as Theory Does], Ian F. Musgrave, Steve Reuland, and Reed A. Cartwright, Talk Reason</ref>
{{main|NALA Films}}
*More recent research suggests that Behe and Snoke's model, and even Lynch's response, may have been "substantial underestimates" "of the rate of obtaining an adaptive combination of mutations".<ref>{{cite journal| last = Masel| first = Joanna | authorlink = | coauthors = | title = Cryptic Genetic Variation Is Enriched for Potential Adaptations| journal = Genetics| volume = 172| issue = 3| pages = 1985–1991| publisher = [[Genetics Society of America]]| location = | date = March 2006| url = http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?&artid=1456269| doi = 10.1534/genetics.105.051649| id = | accessdate = }}</ref>
In 2005<ref name="Power">[http://www6.miami.edu/UMH/CDA/UMH_Main/1,1770,39370-1;58024-3,00.html ''Hollywood Reporter'': Hispanic Women Power 25, by Rebecca Ascher-Walsh, Cristy Lytal and Trisha Tucker, October 9, 2007]. Accessed April 8, 2008</ref>, Diez Barroso founded NALA Investments' production arm, NALA Films, a "film development, production and financing company that leverages Latin American talent, resources and incentives to efficiently produce English language motion pictures and facilitate their worldwide distribution," based in [[Los Angeles]].<ref>[http://www.nalafilms.com/nala.html NALA Films website]. Accessed April 8, 2008</ref> NALA Films' "has been producing and financing "two to five feature films per year."<ref name="Elah"/>
*Biochemical analysis of the question has supported an orthodox evolutionary view and rejected Behe and Snoke's approach as an "unreasonable model[] which assume[s] 'leaps in thin air', such as the evolution of completely novel activities via multiple and simultaneous amino acid changes".<ref>{{cite journal| last = Afriat| first = Livnat| authorlink = | coauthors = Cintia Roodveldt, Giuseppe Manco, and Dan S. Tawfik| title = The Latent Promiscuity of Newly Identified Microbial Lactonases Is Linked to a Recently Diverged Phosphotriesterase| journal = Biochemistry| volume = 45| issue = 46| pages = | publisher = American Chemical Society| location = | date = November 21, 2006| url = http://www.weizmann.ac.il/Biological_Chemistry/scientist/Tawfik/papers/(52)Afriat2006Biochemistry.pdf| doi = | id = | accessdate = }}</ref>


On [[May 7]], [[2005]], Behe described the paper in presenting arguments for irreducible complexity in his testimony at the [[Kansas evolution hearings]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/kansas/kangaroo10.html |title=Kansas Evolution Hearings: Michael Behe and John Calvert |accessdate=2008-03-10 |format= |work=}}</ref> At the ''[[Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District]]'' trial later that year it was the one article referenced by both Behe and [[Scott Minnich]] as supporting intelligent design. In his ruling, [[John E. Jones III|Judge Jones]] noted that "A review of the article indicates that it does not mention either irreducible complexity or ID. In fact, Professor Behe admitted that the study which forms the basis for the article did not rule out many known evolutionary mechanisms and that the research actually might support evolutionary pathways if a biologically realistic population size were used."<ref>{{cite court |litigants=Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District |vol=400 |reporter=F. Supp. 2d |opinion=707 |pinpoint=745 |court=M.D.Pa |date=[[December 20]], [[2005]] }}, docket # 04cv2688, [[wikisource: Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District/4:Whether ID Is Science#Page 88 of 139|Ruling, page 88]]</ref>
Emilio Diez Barroso's family "created the two largest Spanish-language media companies in the world, Televisa (NYSE:TV) and Univision (NYSE:UVN)" is said in Press Releases to "provid[e] NALA with a unique understanding and competitive advantage in the region."<ref name="Elah"/>


==See also==
==Bibliography==
* ''Solid State Physics: Essential Concepts'', published by Addison-Wesley (2008).
-[http://www.volaris.com.mx VOLARIS]


* ''A Biblical Case for an Old Earth'', published by Baker Books (2006). ISBN 0801066190
-[http://www.TELEVISA.com TELEVISA]


*''Natural Philosophy: Physics and Western Thought'', distributed by Access Research Network (2003).
-[http://www.voyplaza.com VOY]


*''Bose-Einstein Condensation'', published by Cambridge University Press (1996). ISBN-13: 9780521589901; ISBN-10: 0521589908
-[http://www.nalafilms.com NALA Films]


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}


==External links==
[[Category:Investor]]
*[http://www.phyast.pitt.edu/~snoke/index.html Snoke Research Lab] &ndash; Official website
[[Category:Businesspeople]]

[[Category:Media and Entertainment]]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Snoke, David}}
[[Category:Mexican Entrepreneur]]
[[Category:University of Pittsburgh faculty]]

Revision as of 04:46, 13 October 2008

David W. Snoke
OccupationProfessor
Scientific career
FieldsPhysics
InstitutionsUniversity of Pittsburgh in Pennsylvania
American Physical Society

David W. Snoke is a Physics professor at the University of Pittsburgh in the Department of Physics and Astronomy. In 2006 he was elected a Fellow of the American Physical Society "[f]or his pioneering work on the experimental and theoretical understanding of dynamical optical processes in semiconductor systems."[1] In 2004 he co-wrote a controversial paper with prominent intelligent design proponent Michael Behe.

Overview

Snoke received his PhD in physics from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. He has worked for The Aerospace Corporation and was a visiting scientist and Fellow at the Max Planck Institute.[2]

His research has focused on basic processes and phase transitions of electrons, holes, including nonequilibrium dynamics of electron plasma [3][4] and excitons,[5] the Mott transition from exciton gas to electron-hole plasma[6][7] and Bose-Einstein condensation of excitons and polaritons.[8][9] His research group at the university of Pittsburgh uses stress to trap excitons in confined regions,[10] similar to the way atoms are confined in traps for Bose-Einstein condensation experiments.

His book, A Biblical Case for an Old Earth was described in a review by Law Professor David W. Opderbeck, in the American Scientific Affiliation's Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith as "succeed[ing] admirably" in "establish[ing] that the 'day-age' view is a valid alternative for Christians who hold to biblical inerrancy", but as "less persuasive" at "argu[ing] for a concordist understanding of the Genesis texts and modern science."[11] Snoke was elected a Fellow of the American Scientific Affiliation in 2006.[2]

Behe and Snoke (2004)

In 2004, Snoke co-authored an article with Michael Behe, a senior fellow of the Discovery Institute's Center for Science and Culture, in the scientific journal Protein Science,[12] which received widespread criticism. Behe has stated that the results of the paper support his notion of irreducible complexity, based on the calculation of the probability of mutations required for evolution to succeed. However, the published version did not address the concept directly; according to Behe, all references to irreducible complexity were eliminated prior to the paper's publication at the behest of the reviewers.[13] Michael Lynch authored a response,[14] to which Behe and Snoke responded.[15] Protein Science discussed the papers in an editorial.[16] Protein Science received letters that "contained many points of disagreement with the Behe and Snoke article", including the points that:[16]

  • Substantial variation in the rate of mutation fixation occurs, both between lineages and between sites on a protein during evolution. This is a central concept of modern population genetics [citations removed]
  • Changes in one site are known to cause changes in the mutation and acceptance rate at other sites in a protein, generally called "compensatory" changes [citations removed]
  • Recombination strongly accelerates the rate of joining of independent mutations at multiple sites and of grafting new domains with additional functions and sites of interaction to proteins to create new modes of action or regulation [citations removed]
  • Selection acts continuously, and cumulative effects, rather than a single strongly adaptive change, are the basis of evolution under a Darwinian model. Thus, intermediate states must also be assumed to be selected.

The paper's assumptions have been severely criticised and the conclusions it draws from its mathematical model have been both criticised and contradicted:

  • An essay criticised the paper for an "over-simplified the process, resulting in questionable conclusions", that "[t]heir assumptions bias their results towards more pessimistic numbers", including one assumption that is "probably false under all circumstances", another that is "probably false as a general rule" and assuming "much too high" a level of substitutions that would destroy the protein's function. It concludes "[a]nd ironically, despite these faulty assumptions, Behe and Snoke show that the probability of small multi-residue features evolving is extremely high, given the types of organisms that Behe and Snoke's model applies to."[17]
  • More recent research suggests that Behe and Snoke's model, and even Lynch's response, may have been "substantial underestimates" "of the rate of obtaining an adaptive combination of mutations".[18]
  • Biochemical analysis of the question has supported an orthodox evolutionary view and rejected Behe and Snoke's approach as an "unreasonable model[] which assume[s] 'leaps in thin air', such as the evolution of completely novel activities via multiple and simultaneous amino acid changes".[19]

On May 7, 2005, Behe described the paper in presenting arguments for irreducible complexity in his testimony at the Kansas evolution hearings.[20] At the Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District trial later that year it was the one article referenced by both Behe and Scott Minnich as supporting intelligent design. In his ruling, Judge Jones noted that "A review of the article indicates that it does not mention either irreducible complexity or ID. In fact, Professor Behe admitted that the study which forms the basis for the article did not rule out many known evolutionary mechanisms and that the research actually might support evolutionary pathways if a biologically realistic population size were used."[21]

Bibliography

  • Solid State Physics: Essential Concepts, published by Addison-Wesley (2008).
  • A Biblical Case for an Old Earth, published by Baker Books (2006). ISBN 0801066190
  • Natural Philosophy: Physics and Western Thought, distributed by Access Research Network (2003).
  • Bose-Einstein Condensation, published by Cambridge University Press (1996). ISBN-13: 9780521589901; ISBN-10: 0521589908

References

  1. ^ Archive (1995-present), American Physical Society
  2. ^ a b "ASA newsletters, November/December 2006" (PDF). {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  3. ^ [D.W. Snoke, W.W. Ruehle, Y.-C. Lu and E. Bauser] (1992). "Nonthermal Distribution of Electrons on Picosecond Timescale in GaAs". Physical Review Letters. 68: 990–993. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.68.990.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  4. ^ [D.W. Snoke] (1992). "Density dependence of electron scattering at low density". Physical Review B. 50: 11583–11591. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.50.11583.
  5. ^ [D.W. Snoke, D. Braun, and M. Cardona] (1991). "Carrier thermalization in Cu2O: Phonon emission by excitons". Physical Review B. 44: 2991. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.44.2991.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  6. ^ [D.W. Snoke and J.D. Crawford] (1995). "Hysteresis in the Mott transition between plasma and insulating gas". Physical Review E. 52: 5796. doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.52.5796.
  7. ^ [D.W. Snoke] (2008). "Hysteresis in the Mott transition between plasma and insulating gas". Solid State Communications. 146: 73.
  8. ^ [Z. Voros, D. Snoke, L. Pfeiffer, and K. West] (2006). "Trapping Excitons in a Two-Dimensional In-Plane Harmonic Potential: Experimental Evidence for Equilibration of Indirect Excitons". Physical Review Letters. 97: 016803. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.016803.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  9. ^ [R. Balili, V. Hartwell, D.W. Snoke, L. Pfeiffer and K. West] (2007). "Bose-Einstein Condensation of Microcavity Polaritons in a Trap". Science. 316: 1007. doi:10.1126/science.1140990.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  10. ^ [V. Negoita, D.W. Snoke, and K. Eberl] (1999). "Stretching Quantum Wells: a Method for Trapping Free Carriers in GaAs Heterostructures". Applied Physics Letters. 316: 2059.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  11. ^ Opderbeck, David W. "review of 'A Biblical Case for an Old Earth'". Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith. June 2007. American Scientific Affiliation. {{cite journal}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  12. ^ Michael Behe and David W. Snoke (2004). "Simulating evolution by gene duplication of protein features that require multiple amino acid residues". Protein Science. 13 (10): 2651–2664. doi:10.1110/ps.04802904.
  13. ^ Michael J. Behe, Day 10, morning testimony, in Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District, trial transcript page 46[1]
  14. ^ Michael Lynch (2005). "Simple evolutionary pathways to complex proteins". Protein Science. 14 (9): 2217–2225. doi:10.1110/ps.041171805.
  15. ^ Michael Behe and David W. Snoke (2005). "A response to Michael Lynch". Protein Science. 14 (9): 2226. doi:10.1110/ps.051674105.
  16. ^ a b Mark Hermodson (2005). "Editorial and position papers". Protein Science. 14 (9): 2215. doi:10.1110/ps.051654305.
  17. ^ Theory is as Theory Does, Ian F. Musgrave, Steve Reuland, and Reed A. Cartwright, Talk Reason
  18. ^ Masel, Joanna (March 2006). "Cryptic Genetic Variation Is Enriched for Potential Adaptations". Genetics. 172 (3). Genetics Society of America: 1985–1991. doi:10.1534/genetics.105.051649. {{cite journal}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  19. ^ Afriat, Livnat (November 21, 2006). "The Latent Promiscuity of Newly Identified Microbial Lactonases Is Linked to a Recently Diverged Phosphotriesterase" (PDF). Biochemistry. 45 (46). American Chemical Society. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  20. ^ "Kansas Evolution Hearings: Michael Behe and John Calvert". Retrieved 2008-03-10.
  21. ^ Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District, 400 F. Supp. 2d 707, 745 (M.D.Pa December 20, 2005)., docket # 04cv2688, Ruling, page 88

External links

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Emilio_Diez_Barroso&oldid=244923520"