Bristol Coanda Monoplanes: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous edit
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
m Category:CS1 errors: deprecated parameters: migrate 2/2 |dead-url= to |url-status=; minor cleanup; WP:GenFixes on
 
(9 intermediate revisions by 6 users not shown)
Line 33: Line 33:
The Romanian aircraft designer [[Henri Coandă]] joined Bristol in January 1912. His first design for Bristol was a two-seat monoplane trainer, a development of the [[Bristol Prier monoplane|Bristol Prier Monoplane]], controlled by [[wing warping]]. The first prototype flew in March 1912.<ref name="bristol 1910"/> A series of similar aircraft followed with both tandem and side-by-side [[cockpit]]s, known as the '''School Monoplane''' and the '''Side by Side Monoplane'''.
The Romanian aircraft designer [[Henri Coandă]] joined Bristol in January 1912. His first design for Bristol was a two-seat monoplane trainer, a development of the [[Bristol Prier monoplane|Bristol Prier Monoplane]], controlled by [[wing warping]]. The first prototype flew in March 1912.<ref name="bristol 1910"/> A series of similar aircraft followed with both tandem and side-by-side [[cockpit]]s, known as the '''School Monoplane''' and the '''Side by Side Monoplane'''.


A more powerful derivative was built for a [[1912 British Military Aeroplane Competition|competition]] to provide aircraft for the British [[War Office]]. Two aircraft, known as '''Competition Monoplanes''' were built and entered into the competition, together with two [[Bristol Gordon England biplanes]]. The aircraft were flown by Harry Busteed, Bristol's test pilot and James Valentine.<ref>{{ cite web |url= http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1912/1912%20-%200698.html |title=The Military Competition Machines |work=Flight |publisher=Flightglobal |date=1912-08-03 |accessdate=2013-10-13}}</ref>
A more powerful derivative was built for a [[1912 British Military Aeroplane Competition|competition]] to provide aircraft for the British [[War Office]]. Two aircraft, known as '''Competition Monoplanes''' were built and entered into the competition, together with two [[Bristol Gordon England biplanes]]. The aircraft were flown by Harry Busteed, Bristol's test pilot and James Valentine.<ref>{{ cite web |url= http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1912/1912%20-%200698.html |title=The Military Competition Machines |work=Flight |publisher=Flightglobal |date=1912-08-03 |access-date=2013-10-13}}</ref>


These did well in the competition, rated equal fifth and were described at the time as "well-designed and well-constructed" though criticised as "heavy for the wing area" and lacking in power.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1912/1912%20-%200988.html |title=Military Trials |work=Flight |date=1912-11-02 |page=988}}</ref> This resulted in their being purchased by the War Office for use as trainers by the [[Royal Flying Corps]].<ref name="bristol 1910"/> These two aircraft formed the basis for a revised military trainer, the '''Military Monoplane''', which had increased wingspan.
These did well in the competition, rated equal fifth and were described at the time as "well-designed and well-constructed" though criticised as "heavy for the wing area" and lacking in power.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1912/1912%20-%200988.html |title=Military Trials |work=Flight |date=1912-11-02 |page=988}}</ref> This resulted in their being purchased by the War Office for use as trainers by the [[Royal Flying Corps]].<ref name="bristol 1910"/> These two aircraft formed the basis for a revised military trainer, the '''Military Monoplane''', which had increased wingspan.
Line 43: Line 43:
The first School and Side by Side monoplanes entered service with flying schools operated by Bristol at [[Larkhill]] and [[Brooklands]]. One tandem and two side-by-side machines were sold to [[Italy]], with four tandem and three side-by-side aircraft being sold to [[Romania]].
The first School and Side by Side monoplanes entered service with flying schools operated by Bristol at [[Larkhill]] and [[Brooklands]]. One tandem and two side-by-side machines were sold to [[Italy]], with four tandem and three side-by-side aircraft being sold to [[Romania]].


The two Competition Monoplanes were bought by the War Office after the Military Aircraft Competition, being used as trainers for the RFC. However, on 10 September 1912, one of the Competition Monoplanes crashed, killing Lieutenants Edward Hotchkiss and [[Claude Bettington]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rafmuseum.org.uk/milestones-of-flight/british_military/1912.html |title=RAF Museum |access-date=2007-07-19 |work= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070704135346/http://www.rafmuseum.org.uk/milestones-of-flight/british_military/1912.html |archive-date=2007-07-04 |url-status=dead |df= }}</ref> While this was traced to one of the [[Flying wires|bracing wires]] becoming detached, it resulted in a five-month ban of flying of all monoplanes by the military wing of the RFC.<ref name="bristol 1910"/>
The two Competition Monoplanes were bought by the War Office after the Military Aircraft Competition, being used as trainers for the RFC. However, on 10 September 1912, one of the Competition Monoplanes crashed on Godstow Road, [[Wolvercote|Lower Wolvercote]], [[Oxfordshire]], killing Lieutenants Edward Hotchkiss and [[Claude Bettington]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rafmuseum.org.uk/milestones-of-flight/british_military/1912.html |title=RAF Museum |access-date=2007-07-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070704135346/http://www.rafmuseum.org.uk/milestones-of-flight/british_military/1912.html |archive-date=2007-07-04 |url-status=dead }}</ref> While this was traced to one of the [[Flying wires|bracing wires]] becoming detached, it resulted in a five-month ban of flying of all monoplanes by the military wing of the RFC.<ref name="bristol 1910"/>


Despite this ban, Military Monoplanes were purchased by [[Romania]] and [[Italy]], with a production license being granted to [[Caproni]] (although this license was later cancelled, only two being built by Caproni).<ref name="bristol 1910"/>
Despite this ban, Military Monoplanes were purchased by [[Romania]] and [[Italy]], with a production license being granted to [[Caproni]] (although this license was later cancelled, only two being built by Caproni).<ref name="bristol 1910"/>
Line 64: Line 64:
*[[Corpo Aeronautico Militare]]
*[[Corpo Aeronautico Militare]]
;{{ROM}}
;{{ROM}}
*[[Royal Romanian Air Force]]
*[[Romanian Air Corps]]
;{{UK}}
;{{UK}}
*[[Royal Flying Corps]]
*[[Royal Flying Corps]]
Line 71: Line 71:
==Aircraft on display==
==Aircraft on display==
[[File:Caproni Bristol monoplane three-quarter view.JPG|thumb|Caproni Bristol monoplane in the [[Gianni Caproni Museum of Aeronautics]], [[Trento]], Italy]]
[[File:Caproni Bristol monoplane three-quarter view.JPG|thumb|Caproni Bristol monoplane in the [[Gianni Caproni Museum of Aeronautics]], [[Trento]], Italy]]
A single Bristol Coanda Monoplane survives, in the [[Gianni Caproni Museum of Aeronautics]], [[Trento]], Italy, being the oldest surviving Bristol aircraft still in existence. This aircraft was a pattern aircraft sent to Caproni as a basis for their licensed production.,<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.ctie.monash.edu.au/hargrave/bristol.html |title=The Pioneers: An Anthology: Sir Stanley White and his Bristol Aeroplanes 1910–1918 |accessdate=2007-07-19 |work= }}</ref> never being flown, but was restored to a complete example for display at the museum<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mtsn.tn.it/caproni/velivoli/caproni-bristol.html |title=Museo G. Caproni – aeronautica, scienza e innovazione |access-date=2007-07-19 |language=Italian |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927224653/http://www.mtsn.tn.it/caproni/velivoli/caproni-bristol.html |archive-date=2007-09-27 |url-status=dead |df= }}</ref>
A single Bristol Coanda Monoplane survives, in the [[Gianni Caproni Museum of Aeronautics]], [[Trento]], Italy, being the oldest surviving Bristol aircraft still in existence. This aircraft was a pattern aircraft sent to Caproni as a basis for their licensed production.,<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.ctie.monash.edu.au/hargrave/bristol.html |title=The Pioneers: An Anthology: Sir Stanley White and his Bristol Aeroplanes 1910–1918 |access-date=2007-07-19 }}</ref> never being flown, but was restored to a complete example for display at the museum<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mtsn.tn.it/caproni/velivoli/caproni-bristol.html |title=Museo G. Caproni – aeronautica, scienza e innovazione |access-date=2007-07-19 |language=it |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927224653/http://www.mtsn.tn.it/caproni/velivoli/caproni-bristol.html |archive-date=2007-09-27 |url-status=dead }}</ref>


==Specifications (Military)==
==Specifications (Military)==
[[File:Bristol-Coanda Monoplane 3-view.svg|300px]]
[[File:Bristol-Coanda Monoplane 3-view.svg|thumb|right]]
{{Aircraft specs
{{aircraft specifications
|ref=Bristol Aircraft Since 1910<ref name="bristol 1910">{{Cite book |last=Barnes |first=CH |title=Bristol Aircraft Since 1910 |edition=First |year=1964 |place=London |publisher=Putnam }}{{page needed|date=August 2016}}</ref>
<!-- if you do not understand how to use this template, please ask at [[Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Aircraft]] -->
|prime units?=imp
<!-- please answer the following questions -->
<!--
|plane or copter?=plane
General characteristics
|jet or prop?=prop
-->
|ref=Bristol Aircraft Since 1910<ref name="bristol 1910">{{Cite book |last=Barnes |first=CH |title=Bristol Aircraft Since 1910 |edition=First |year=1964 |place=London |publisher=Putnam |page=}}{{page needed|date=August 2016}}</ref>
|crew=two
|crew=2
|length ft=29
|capacity=
|length main= 29 ft 3 in
|length in=3
|length alt= 8.92 m
|length note=
|span main= 37 ft 8 in
|span ft=37
|span alt= 11.48 m
|span in=8
|height main=
|span note=
|height alt=
|height ft=
|height in=
|area main= 450 ft²
|height note=
|area alt= 41.8 m²
|wing area sqft=450
|wing area note=
|aspect ratio=<!-- sailplanes -->
|airfoil=
|airfoil=
|empty weight main= 970lb
|empty weight lb=970
|empty weight alt= 441 kg
|empty weight note=
|loaded weight main=
|gross weight lb=1665
|loaded weight alt=
|gross weight note=
|max takeoff weight lb=
|useful load main=
|max takeoff weight note=
|useful load alt=
|fuel capacity=
|max takeoff weight main= 1,665 lb
|max takeoff weight alt= 757 kg
|more general=
|more general=
<!--
|engine (prop)=[[Gnome et Rhône|Gnome]]
Powerplant
|type of prop=[[Rotary engine]]
-->
|number of props=1
|eng1 number=1
|power main= 50, 80, 100hp (different versions of the Gnome rotary)
|eng1 name=[[Gnome Lambda]]
|power alt=
|eng1 type=7-cylinder air-cooled rotary piston engine
|power original=
|eng1 hp=80
|max speed main= 56–61 knots
|eng1 note=
|max speed alt= 65–70 mph, 105–113 km/h
|cruise speed main=
|cruise speed alt=
|never exceed speed main=
|never exceed speed alt=
|stall speed main=
|stall speed alt=
|range main=
|range alt=
|ceiling main=
|ceiling alt=
|climb rate main=
|climb rate alt=
|loading main=
|loading alt=
|thrust/weight=<!-- a unitless ratio -->
|power/mass main=
|power/mass alt=
|more performance=*'''Endurance:''' 5 hours
*'''Climb to 3000 ft (915 m):''' 11 min
|armament=*12 x 10 lb (4.5 kg) light bombs
*Some were equipped with a 7.92 machine gun
|avionics=


|prop blade number=2
|prop name=fixed-pitch propeller
|prop dia ft=<!-- propeller aircraft -->
|prop dia in=<!-- propeller aircraft -->
|prop dia note=
<!--
Performance
-->
|max speed mph=65-70
|max speed note=
|cruise speed mph=
|cruise speed note=
|stall speed mph=
|stall speed note=
|never exceed speed mph=
|never exceed speed note=
|range miles=
|range note=
|ferry range miles=
|ferry range note=
|endurance=5 hours
|ceiling ft=
|ceiling note=
|climb rate ftmin=
|climb rate note=
|time to altitude={{cvt|3000|ft|0}} in 11 minutes
|lift to drag=
|wing loading lb/sqft=
|wing loading note=
|fuel consumption lb/mi=
|power/mass=
|more performance=
<!--
Armament
-->
|guns= Some were equipped with a {{cvt|7.92|mm|3}} calibre machine gun
|bombs= 12 x {{cvt|10|lb|1}} light bombs
}}
}}


Line 151: Line 168:
*{{ cite web |url= http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1912/1912%20-%200698.html |title=The Military Competition Machines |work=Flight |publisher=Flightglobal |date=1912-08-03}} – contemporary photographs
*{{ cite web |url= http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1912/1912%20-%200698.html |title=The Military Competition Machines |work=Flight |publisher=Flightglobal |date=1912-08-03}} – contemporary photographs
{{Bristol aircraft}}
{{Bristol aircraft}}
{{Aviation accidents and incidents before 1920}}
{{Aviation accidents and incidents in the United Kingdom}}


[[Category:Bristol Aeroplane Company aircraft|Monoplanes]]
[[Category:Bristol Aeroplane Company aircraft|Monoplanes]]
[[Category:1910s British military trainer aircraft]]
[[Category:1910s British military trainer aircraft]]
[[Category:Aviation accidents and incidents in England]]
[[Category:Aviation accidents and incidents in 1912]]
[[Category:Henri Coandă]]
[[Category:Henri Coandă]]
[[Category:Single-engined tractor aircraft]]
[[Category:Single-engined tractor aircraft]]
[[Category:Mid-wing aircraft]]
[[Category:Mid-wing aircraft]]
[[Category:Rotary-engined aircraft]]
[[Category:Rotary-engined aircraft]]
[[Category:Aircraft first flown in 1912]]

Latest revision as of 23:02, 12 October 2021

Bristol-Coanda Monoplanes
Role Trainer
Manufacturer Bristol Aeroplane Company
Designer Henri Coandă
First flight 1912
Number built 37
Variants Bristol TB.8

The Bristol Coanda Monoplanes were a series of monoplane trainers designed by the Romanian designer Henri Coandă for the British company British and Colonial Aeroplane Company.

Several versions of the plane were built from 1912 onwards with both tandem and side-by-side cockpits. Several were purchased by the War Office for use as trainers by the Royal Flying Corps. International purchases were by Italy and Romania. One example survives in the Gianni Caproni Museum of Aeronautics, Trento, Italy.

Design and development[edit]

A Bristol Coanda in 1912

The Romanian aircraft designer Henri Coandă joined Bristol in January 1912. His first design for Bristol was a two-seat monoplane trainer, a development of the Bristol Prier Monoplane, controlled by wing warping. The first prototype flew in March 1912.[1] A series of similar aircraft followed with both tandem and side-by-side cockpits, known as the School Monoplane and the Side by Side Monoplane.

A more powerful derivative was built for a competition to provide aircraft for the British War Office. Two aircraft, known as Competition Monoplanes were built and entered into the competition, together with two Bristol Gordon England biplanes. The aircraft were flown by Harry Busteed, Bristol's test pilot and James Valentine.[2]

These did well in the competition, rated equal fifth and were described at the time as "well-designed and well-constructed" though criticised as "heavy for the wing area" and lacking in power.[3] This resulted in their being purchased by the War Office for use as trainers by the Royal Flying Corps.[1] These two aircraft formed the basis for a revised military trainer, the Military Monoplane, which had increased wingspan.

The Military Monoplane later formed the basis for the Bristol TB.8, several being rebuilt into TB8s.

Operational history[edit]

Monument in Wolvercote, Oxfordshire to Lieutenants Edward Hotchkiss and Claude Bettington, killed in a Bristol Coanda crash in 1912

The first School and Side by Side monoplanes entered service with flying schools operated by Bristol at Larkhill and Brooklands. One tandem and two side-by-side machines were sold to Italy, with four tandem and three side-by-side aircraft being sold to Romania.

The two Competition Monoplanes were bought by the War Office after the Military Aircraft Competition, being used as trainers for the RFC. However, on 10 September 1912, one of the Competition Monoplanes crashed on Godstow Road, Lower Wolvercote, Oxfordshire, killing Lieutenants Edward Hotchkiss and Claude Bettington.[4] While this was traced to one of the bracing wires becoming detached, it resulted in a five-month ban of flying of all monoplanes by the military wing of the RFC.[1]

Despite this ban, Military Monoplanes were purchased by Romania and Italy, with a production license being granted to Caproni (although this license was later cancelled, only two being built by Caproni).[1]

Variants[edit]

A Bristol Coanda in 1912
School Monoplane
Trainer aircraft with tandem cockpits. Powered by 50 hp (40 kW) Gnome engine. Six built.
Side by Side Monoplane
Trainer aircraft with side-by-side cockpit. Powered by 50 hp (40 kW) Gnome engine. Six built.
Competition Monoplane
Two aircraft built for War Office Military Aeroplane Competition. Powered by 80 hp (60 kW) Gnome engine.
Daimler Monoplane
Single aircraft powered by 70 hp (50 kW) Daimler engine. Overweight and unsuccessful.
Military Monoplane
Improved development of Competition Monoplane with increased wingspan. Powered by 80 hp (60 kW) Gnome engine. 21 built.

Operators[edit]

 Kingdom of Italy
 Romania
 United Kingdom

Aircraft on display[edit]

Caproni Bristol monoplane in the Gianni Caproni Museum of Aeronautics, Trento, Italy

A single Bristol Coanda Monoplane survives, in the Gianni Caproni Museum of Aeronautics, Trento, Italy, being the oldest surviving Bristol aircraft still in existence. This aircraft was a pattern aircraft sent to Caproni as a basis for their licensed production.,[5] never being flown, but was restored to a complete example for display at the museum[6]

Specifications (Military)[edit]

Data from Bristol Aircraft Since 1910[1]

General characteristics

  • Crew: 2
  • Length: 29 ft 3 in (8.92 m)
  • Wingspan: 37 ft 8 in (11.48 m)
  • Wing area: 450 sq ft (42 m2)
  • Empty weight: 970 lb (440 kg)
  • Gross weight: 1,665 lb (755 kg)
  • Powerplant: 1 × Gnome Lambda 7-cylinder air-cooled rotary piston engine, 80 hp (60 kW)
  • Propellers: 2-bladed fixed-pitch propeller

Performance

  • Maximum speed: 65–70 mph (105–113 km/h, 56–61 kn)
  • Endurance: 5 hours
  • Time to altitude: 3,000 ft (914 m) in 11 minutes

Armament

  • Guns: Some were equipped with a 7.92 mm (0.312 in) calibre machine gun
  • Bombs: 12 x 10 lb (4.5 kg) light bombs

See also[edit]

A Caproni-Bristol aircraft in 1913

Related development

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c d e Barnes, CH (1964). Bristol Aircraft Since 1910 (First ed.). London: Putnam.[page needed]
  2. ^ "The Military Competition Machines". Flight. Flightglobal. 3 August 1912. Retrieved 13 October 2013.
  3. ^ "Military Trials". Flight. 2 November 1912. p. 988.
  4. ^ "RAF Museum". Archived from the original on 4 July 2007. Retrieved 19 July 2007.
  5. ^ "The Pioneers: An Anthology: Sir Stanley White and his Bristol Aeroplanes 1910–1918". Retrieved 19 July 2007.
  6. ^ "Museo G. Caproni – aeronautica, scienza e innovazione" (in Italian). Archived from the original on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 19 July 2007.

External links[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bristol-Coanda Monoplanes.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bristol_Coanda_Monoplanes&oldid=1049632364"