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{{short description|Commercial docks of the River Tyne}}
⚫
The '''Port of Tyne''' comprises the commercial docks in and around the [[River Tyne]] in [[Tyne and Wear]] in the [[northeast of England]].
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}
{{Use British English|date=June 2017}}

{{Infobox port
| name = Port of Tyne
| image =
| image_size =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = United Kingdom Tyne and Wear
| country = United Kingdom
| location = [[Tyne and Wear]]
| coordinates = {{coord|54.9855|-1.4605|type:waterbody_region:GB-ENG|display=inline,title}}
| locode = GBTYN
| opened =
| operated =
| owner = Port of Tyne [[trust port]]
| type =
| sizewater =
| sizeland =
| size =
| berths =
| wharfs =
| piers =
| employees = 459
| leadershiptitle = Chief Executive
| leader = Matt Beeton
| arrivals =
| cargotonnage = 4.4 million tonnes
| containervolume = 66,000 [[twenty-foot equivalent unit|TEU]]
| cargovalue =
| passengertraffic = 748,000
| revenue = £57.5 million
| blankstatstitle1 = Cars imported/exported
| blankstats1 = 526,000
| website = {{Official URL}}
}}

⚫
The '''Port of Tyne''' comprises the commercial docks on and around the [[River Tyne]] in [[Tyne and Wear]] in the [[northeast of England]].


== History ==
== History ==
There has been a port on the Tyne at least since the Romans used their settlement of [[Arbeia]] to supply the garrison of [[Hadrian's Wall]]. Around 1200, stone-faced, clay-filled jetties were starting to project into the river in [[Newcastle upon Tyne|Newcastle]], an indication that trade was increasing. As the Roman roads continued to deteriorate, sea travel was gaining in importance. By 1275 Newcastle was the sixth largest wool=exporting port in England. The principal exports at this time were [[wool]], [[timber]], [[coal]], [[millstone]]s, [[dairy]] produce, fish, [[salt]], and hides. Much of the developing trade was with the [[Baltic Countries|Baltic]] countries and [[Germany]]. Coal was being exported from Newcastle by 1250, and by 1350 the [[Burgess (title)|burgess]]es received a royal licence to export coal. This licence to export coal was jealously guarded by the Newcastle burgesses, and they tried to prevent any one else on the Tyne from exporting coal except through Newcastle. The burgesses similarly tried to prevent fish from being sold anywhere else on the Tyne except Newcastle. This led to conflicts with [[Gateshead]] and [[South Shields]].<ref name="Marshall">{{cite book |author=Marshall, Michael W |year=1997 |title=Turning Tides |publisher=Keepgate Publishing Ltd |isbn=1-899506-35-7}}</ref>
There has been a port on the Tyne at least since the Romans used their settlement of [[Arbeia]] to supply the garrison of [[Hadrian's Wall]]. Around 1200, stone-faced, clay-filled jetties were starting to project into the river in [[Newcastle upon Tyne|Newcastle]], an indication that trade was increasing. As the Roman roads continued to deteriorate, sea travel was gaining in importance. By 1275 Newcastle was the sixth largest wool-exporting port in England. The principal exports at this time were [[wool]], [[timber]], [[coal]], [[millstone]]s, [[dairy]] produce, fish, [[salt]], and hides. Much of the developing trade was with the [[Baltic Countries|Baltic]] countries and [[Germany]]. Coal was being exported from Newcastle by 1250, and by 1350 the [[Burgess (title)|burgess]]es received a royal licence to export coal. This licence to export coal was jealously guarded by the Newcastle burgesses, and they tried to prevent any one else on the Tyne from exporting coal except through Newcastle. The burgesses similarly tried to prevent fish from being sold anywhere else on the Tyne except Newcastle. This led to conflicts with [[Gateshead]] and [[South Shields]].<ref name="Marshall">{{cite book |author=Marshall, Michael W |year=1997 |title=Turning Tides |publisher=Keepgate Publishing Ltd |isbn=1-899506-35-7}}</ref>


From 1600 the growth in the export of coal brought prosperity to Newcastle. Until the 19th century the port was the responsibility of the [[Newcastle City Council|City of Newcastle]], but navigation became difficult, and in 1850 the '''Tyne Improvement Commission''' was established to better maintain the port and river. In 1881 they published a review of their achievements.<ref>''River Tyne Improvement'', description by Mr P, J. Messent, C.E. of works completed and in progress by the ''Tyne Improvement Commissioners'' with chart of the River Tyne from the sea to Wylam, June 1881. An example of the 8 page and chart original is available at the [[North of England Institute of Mining and Mechanical Engineers]] Tracts Vol 11 pages 251ff.</ref> A major force through this period were the [[Keelmen]].
From 1600 the growth in the export of coal brought prosperity to Newcastle. Until the 19th century the port was the responsibility of the [[Newcastle City Council|City of Newcastle]], but navigation became difficult, and in 1850 the '''Tyne Improvement Commission''' (TIC) was established to better maintain the port and river. In 1881 they published a review of their achievements.<ref>''River Tyne Improvement'', description by Mr P, J. Messent, C.E. of works completed and in progress by the ''Tyne Improvement Commissioners'' with chart of the River Tyne from the sea to Wylam, June 1881. An example of the 8 page and chart original is available at the [[North of England Institute of Mining and Mechanical Engineers]] Tracts Vol 11 pages 251ff.</ref> One significant action was the removal by dredging of [[Kings Meadow Island]]. A major force through this period were the [[Keelmen]].


The TIC deepened the river to 9.83 metres, and built the North and South Piers, and the Northumberland, Tyne and Albert Edward Docks. In 1928 the TIC opened the Tyne Commission Quay at [[North Shields]], now known as the Northumbrian Quay, to handle mail and cargo trade with [[Bergen]] in [[Norway]].<ref>[http://sine.ncl.ac.uk/view_structure_information.asp?struct_id=1614 University of Newcastle upon Tyne: SINE project]</ref>
The TIC deepened the river to 9.83 metres, and built the North and South Piers, and the Northumberland, Tyne and Albert Edward Docks. In 1928 the TIC opened the Tyne Commission Quay at [[North Shields]], now known as the Northumbrian Quay, to handle mail and cargo trade with [[Bergen]] in [[Norway]].<ref>[http://sine.ncl.ac.uk/view_structure_information.asp?struct_id=1614 University of Newcastle upon Tyne: SINE project] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120319170009/http://sine.ncl.ac.uk/view_structure_information.asp?struct_id=1614 |date=19 March 2012 }}</ref>


In 1968 the TIC was dissolved and replaced by the Port of Tyne Authority. Since then, with the decline in the coal industry, the port has switched to the export of cars manufactured in the northeast of England.<ref>[http://www.portoftyne.co.uk/about-us/history.php Port of Tyne website: History]</ref>
In 1968 the TIC was dissolved and replaced by the Port of Tyne Authority. Since then, with the decline in the coal industry, the port has switched to the export of cars manufactured in the northeast of England.<ref>[http://www.portoftyne.co.uk/about-us/history.php Port of Tyne website: History]</ref>
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The Port of Tyne is the [[navigation authority]] for the tidal reaches of the River Tyne, from the mouth to the Tidal Stone at [[Wylam]], a distance of 17 miles. It also has jurisdiction for one mile past the roundheads at the piers at the [[river mouth]].<ref>[http://www.portoftyne.co.uk/business-divisions/marine-and-environmental-services/ Port of Tyne website: Marine services]</ref>
The Port of Tyne is the [[navigation authority]] for the tidal reaches of the River Tyne, from the mouth to the Tidal Stone at [[Wylam]], a distance of 17 miles. It also has jurisdiction for one mile past the roundheads at the piers at the [[river mouth]].<ref>[http://www.portoftyne.co.uk/business-divisions/marine-and-environmental-services/ Port of Tyne website: Marine services]</ref>


The port handles conventional and bulk cargoes at the Riverside Quay. There are two car terminals, one on ether side of the river, a cruise terminal at Northumbrian Quay on the north side, and a ferry terminal at North Shields.<ref>[http://www.portoftyne.co.uk/business-divisions/ Port of Tyne: the Business]</ref>
The port handles conventional and bulk cargoes at the Riverside Quay. There are two car terminals, one on either side of the river, a cruise terminal at Northumbrian Quay on the north side, and a ferry terminal at North Shields.<ref>[http://www.portoftyne.co.uk/business-divisions/ Port of Tyne: the Business]</ref>

The Port of Tyne applied to become a [[Free economic zone|freeport]] after [[Brexit|the UK left the EU]] on 31 January 2020 but the application was rejected.<ref>UK Government, [https://www.gov.uk/government/news/trade-secretary-announces-freeports-advisory-panel-will-ensure-uk-is-ready-to-trade-post-Brexit Trade Secretary announces Freeports Advisory Panel will ensure UK is ready to trade post-Brexit], published 2 August 2019, accessed 21 August 2019</ref>

==Police==
{{see also|River Tyne Police}}
The Tyne Improvement Commission Docks and Piers Police was a police force maintained by the TIC from 1874 to police its property. Its officers were sworn as [[special constable]]s under the [[Harbours, Docks and Piers Clauses Act 1847]] and had full police powers on TIC property. The force was disbanded on 1 September 1949, although its members remained in the Commission's employment as Watchmen in the Traffic and Engineering Department. Policing on Commission property was taken over by the [[River Tyne Police]].<ref name="sentinels">{{cite book |last1=Mearns |first1=Neil W. |title=Sentinels of the Wear |date=1998 |isbn=0953337707 |page=152}}</ref>


== References ==
== References ==
Line 19: Line 63:


== External links ==
== External links ==
*{{Official website}}
*[http://www.portoftyne.co.uk/home/ Official site]
*''The Last Tyne Wherry Elswick No 2 Information Sheet'' (front). Tyne & Wear County Council Museums Service, Undated c1979. An original may be consulted at Tyne and Wear Archives and Museums Discovery Museum. [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tyne_Wherry_A.jpg Front] and [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tyne_Wherry_B.jpg back].
*''The Last Tyne Wherry Elswick No 2 Information Sheet'' (front). Tyne & Wear County Council Museums Service, Undated c1979. An original may be consulted at Tyne and Wear Archives and Museums Discovery Museum. [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tyne_Wherry_A.jpg Front] and [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tyne_Wherry_B.jpg back].


{{authority control}}
{{coord missing|Tyne and Wear}}


[[Category:River Tyne]]
[[Category:River Tyne]]
[[Category:Economy of Tyne and Wear]]
[[Category:Economy of Tyne and Wear]]
[[Category:Competent Harbour Authority]]
[[Category:Competent harbour authorities]]
[[Category:Ports and harbours of Tyne and Wear]]
[[Category:Ports and harbours of Tyne and Wear]]
[[Category:Ports and harbours of England by seaway|Tyne]]
[[Category:South Shields]]

Latest revision as of 15:58, 8 March 2022

Port of Tyne
Map
Click on the map for a fullscreen view
Location
CountryUnited Kingdom
LocationTyne and Wear
Coordinates54°59′08″N 1°27′38″W / 54.9855°N 1.4605°W / 54.9855; -1.4605
UN/LOCODEGBTYN
Details
Owned byPort of Tyne trust port
Employees459
Chief ExecutiveMatt Beeton
Statistics
Annual cargo tonnage4.4 million tonnes
Annual container volume66,000 TEU
Passenger traffic748,000
Annual revenue£57.5 million
Cars imported/exported526,000
Website
www.portoftyne.co.uk Edit this at Wikidata

The Port of Tyne comprises the commercial docks on and around the River Tyne in Tyne and Wear in the northeast of England.

History[edit]

There has been a port on the Tyne at least since the Romans used their settlement of Arbeia to supply the garrison of Hadrian's Wall. Around 1200, stone-faced, clay-filled jetties were starting to project into the river in Newcastle, an indication that trade was increasing. As the Roman roads continued to deteriorate, sea travel was gaining in importance. By 1275 Newcastle was the sixth largest wool-exporting port in England. The principal exports at this time were wool, timber, coal, millstones, dairy produce, fish, salt, and hides. Much of the developing trade was with the Baltic countries and Germany. Coal was being exported from Newcastle by 1250, and by 1350 the burgesses received a royal licence to export coal. This licence to export coal was jealously guarded by the Newcastle burgesses, and they tried to prevent any one else on the Tyne from exporting coal except through Newcastle. The burgesses similarly tried to prevent fish from being sold anywhere else on the Tyne except Newcastle. This led to conflicts with Gateshead and South Shields.[1]

From 1600 the growth in the export of coal brought prosperity to Newcastle. Until the 19th century the port was the responsibility of the City of Newcastle, but navigation became difficult, and in 1850 the Tyne Improvement Commission (TIC) was established to better maintain the port and river. In 1881 they published a review of their achievements.[2] One significant action was the removal by dredging of Kings Meadow Island. A major force through this period were the Keelmen.

The TIC deepened the river to 9.83 metres, and built the North and South Piers, and the Northumberland, Tyne and Albert Edward Docks. In 1928 the TIC opened the Tyne Commission Quay at North Shields, now known as the Northumbrian Quay, to handle mail and cargo trade with Bergen in Norway.[3]

In 1968 the TIC was dissolved and replaced by the Port of Tyne Authority. Since then, with the decline in the coal industry, the port has switched to the export of cars manufactured in the northeast of England.[4]

The port today[edit]

The Port of Tyne is the navigation authority for the tidal reaches of the River Tyne, from the mouth to the Tidal Stone at Wylam, a distance of 17 miles. It also has jurisdiction for one mile past the roundheads at the piers at the river mouth.[5]

The port handles conventional and bulk cargoes at the Riverside Quay. There are two car terminals, one on either side of the river, a cruise terminal at Northumbrian Quay on the north side, and a ferry terminal at North Shields.[6]

The Port of Tyne applied to become a freeport after the UK left the EU on 31 January 2020 but the application was rejected.[7]

Police[edit]

See also: River Tyne Police

The Tyne Improvement Commission Docks and Piers Police was a police force maintained by the TIC from 1874 to police its property. Its officers were sworn as special constables under the Harbours, Docks and Piers Clauses Act 1847 and had full police powers on TIC property. The force was disbanded on 1 September 1949, although its members remained in the Commission's employment as Watchmen in the Traffic and Engineering Department. Policing on Commission property was taken over by the River Tyne Police.[8]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Marshall, Michael W (1997). Turning Tides. Keepgate Publishing Ltd. ISBN 1-899506-35-7.
  2. ^ River Tyne Improvement, description by Mr P, J. Messent, C.E. of works completed and in progress by the Tyne Improvement Commissioners with chart of the River Tyne from the sea to Wylam, June 1881. An example of the 8 page and chart original is available at the North of England Institute of Mining and Mechanical Engineers Tracts Vol 11 pages 251ff.
  3. ^ University of Newcastle upon Tyne: SINE project Archived 19 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine
  4. ^ Port of Tyne website: History
  5. ^ Port of Tyne website: Marine services
  6. ^ Port of Tyne: the Business
  7. ^ UK Government, Trade Secretary announces Freeports Advisory Panel will ensure UK is ready to trade post-Brexit, published 2 August 2019, accessed 21 August 2019
  8. ^ Mearns, Neil W. (1998). Sentinels of the Wear. p. 152. ISBN 0953337707.

External links[edit]

  • Official website Edit this at Wikidata
  • The Last Tyne Wherry Elswick No 2 Information Sheet (front). Tyne & Wear County Council Museums Service, Undated c1979. An original may be consulted at Tyne and Wear Archives and Museums Discovery Museum. Front and back.
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